Contemporary Issues in Community Corrections Research Paper

Contemporary Issues in Community Corrections - Research Paper Example This means that the main objective of corrections should just not to operate secure, orderly, protected and affordable prisons, but also to enhance public safety by ensuring that is an efficient inmate transition (Parent, & Barnett, 2002). Research conducted over the years has shown that prisons and community corrections are intricately linked to a point where a change in one affects the other. In nearly all the cases, arrests lead to jail time, convictions lead to initial trial, and depending on the severity of the crime, the offender is released to the community and if the community correction fails, the offender goes to prison. In reality, a very small minority comes into contact with criminal justice interventions meaning most of them go through community correction. It is therefore ideal to ensure that the right correctional method is administered to ensure that the community correction does not fail (Parent, & Barnett, 2002). Prison administrators are without doubt instrumental that prisons operate smoothly and in preparing the inmates for safe release. These two goals are related in an empirical manner in that any poor institutional behavior is tied to the higher rates of post-release crimes. Over the years, research has shown that the most effective method of ensuring that prisoners have good conduct is by setting up efficient correctional programs. In this case, for correctional facilities to be secure and safe, prison administrators ought to certify that the correctional platforms that they develop are based on evidence based practice (McGuire, 2005). For prisons, the concentration on short-term operational goals is logical but in most cases this can effortlessly diminish the available economic and human resources. In most cases, such concentration leaves minimal resources for the agencies to fulfill its commitment on the wider objectives of effective corrections as well as public safety.

In what way is cultural and national identity a major concern in this extract Essay Example for Free

In what way is cultural and national identity a major concern in this extract Essay The extract makes constant references to cultural and national identity through the style of the text, the imagery of the clothing and appearances of people. There is also indication to context through the beliefs of people in the places that Jonathan visits and their rejection towards him. Bram Stoker uses this cultural and national identity to contrast the one of that Jonathan possesses. Throughout the text, there is extensive description on the appearances of the people and sometimes architecture of the differences places the protagonist visits, depicting the differences of culture and national identity. They wore high boots, with their trousers tucked into them, and had long black hair and heavy black moustaches very picturesque, but do not look prepossessing. † These descriptions give clues to their context and when the appearance shifts rapidly, there is a clear understanding that the protagonist is travelling to new places quickly. This travelling is another clue to his context, with the existence of travel writing and trains. The culture and national identity of the different places that Jonathan travels to is an indication that he is no longer in his modern society but travelling deeper and deeper into a culture that almost lives in the past. This is shown by the imagery of the people in the different towns, â€Å" with short jackets, and round hats, and home-made trousers. † These people are highly superstitious and this is conveyed by the landlady’s concern for Jonathan as he is leaving on the 4th of May. In her culture, there is superstition upon the next day as it believed to be the day where â€Å"all the evil things in the world will have full sway†. The crucifix and rosary are symbols of her culture and nationality and are used to wear away the abhuman. This â€Å"old† way of life seems almost primitive and uncivilised compared to the â€Å"new† modern context that Jonathan comes from. As he travels from the West to the East, there is contrast between the clothing that they wear and also the beliefs within the people. Jonathan clearly comes from a more technologically and academically advanced society and this is shown through the epistolary form of the text which can be identified from the dates and locations stated prior every entry and the recount-like narration style. The train in Jonathan’s world is contrasted with the horse and carriage in the less advanced world he has travelled to. â€Å"[He] cracked his big whip over his four small horses, which ran abreast, and we set off on our journey. The late-Victorian context, anti-modernism and anti-rationalism is reflected in the locations Jonathan travels to. It is especially obvious when he passes groups of people and they call him names such as â€Å"â€Å"Ordog† Satan, â€Å"Pokol† – hell, â€Å"stegoica† – witch†Ã¢â‚¬ . The people of the town show a rejection towards Jonathan as his modernity clearly does not belong in their society. They criticise him as a notion to criticise his modern kind for the abnormal behaviours of their world and the beings that possess these characteristics, the abhuman. Although there are differences in the nationalities, the identification of the abhuman in this area is uniform – â€Å"â€Å"vrolok† and â€Å"vlkoslak† – both mean the same thing, one being Slovak and the other Servian for something that is either werewolf or vampire. † This again depicts the large amounts of superstition and rejection towards science which is then contrasted with the rationality of Jonathan. The Eastern towns that Jonathan travels to are seemingly ‘abhuman’ as they believe in strange superstitions and do not believe in modernity and change. They are relatively primitive and do not embrace modern technology such as trains. This behaviour gives the reader that sense of abnormality and the abhuman as they see things through first person narration trough Jonathan’s point of view. Summarily, Stoker has used an epistolary style and other features to convey Jonathan’s context which is then contrasted with the descriptions of the unfamiliar locations that he travels to. This strange superstitious behaviour is used to contrast between the civilised and uncivilised, progressive and regressive, human and abhuman.

We Need Gun Control Essays -- Argumentative Persuasive Topics

We Need Gun Control    Baton Rouge, Lousiana--October 17, 1992--8:30 P.M....A Japanese exchange student, Yoshihiro Hattori, was searching for a party he had been invited to. Thinking he had found the house in which the social would take place, Yoshihiro knocked on the door. Not knowing that they had the wrong house Yoshihiro and his companion startled the proprietor. After having the front door shut in their face the two boys began walking back to Yoshihiro's car. Yoshihiro Hattori and his friend, Webb Haymaker, then turned back towards the house upon hearing the carport door open behind them. Instead of seeing the party's host, these two boys were greeted by a " 'Freeze' " and a .44 Magnum-carrying Rodney Peairs. Yoshihiro, thinking he had found the party after all, stepped towards Mr. Peairs and said, " 'We're here for the party' ". Webb Haymaker then found himself standing over his dying friend, Yoshihiro Hattore, a victim of unintentional homicide. (Haymaker 26) Tragic incidents like this one seem to be becoming more and more common in modern America. The availability of a firearm was the direct cause of Yoshihiro's death. Likewise the availabilty of firearms in general is related to accidental, as well as intentional, homicide. The United States Congress should therefore limit or illegalize the sale, use and carrying of handguns and assualt weapons. The reasoning behind this statement is that I do not believe that these aformentioned weapons have a legitimate place in American society. Nor do I believe that the typical American is responsible enough to own one of these particular firearms. Conversely though, many Republicans view assault weapon and handgun restrictions as an infringement upon an American's rig... ...nd-held weapons available to them. " 'The greatest threat to our structure is the possession and sale of weapons in this society,' ". - Former President Jimmy Carter (Gerik 2) Works Cited Academic American Encyclopedia. "American Bill of Rights": Jan 1995, 128.83.216.11 Gerik, Melanie. "Carter stresses handgun control". The Daily Texan: March 7 1995, p1-2 Graves, Debbie. "Carter discusses guns, politics, peace in speach". Austin- American Statesman: March 7 1995, pB3 Haymaker, Holley G. "Another Magnum, another victim". The New York Times: Oct 31 1992, v144, p15(N) pA26(L) Ifill, Gwen. "Congress still torn on gun control by complex regional divisions". The New York Times: Oct 20 1991, v141, Sec. 1, p13(N) p19(L) Toner, Robin. "Senator Decides to Fight N.R.A.'s Fire With Fire". The New York Times: Oct 27 1994, v144, pA10(N) pA26(L)

Can Detroit Make the Cars Customers Want? Essay

Ans: AutoNation is having a problem with inventory because of the culture of ordering a customized vehicle for a customer, but such an order usually adds six to eight weeks to the transaction. The customer who wants to buy on the spot must choose from cars on the lot that the manufacturer has already configured, priced, and shipped. Despite manufacturer incentives and rebates to entice customers to purchase, dealers often have a glut of new cars sitting in their lots for months at a time that no one wants to buy it. The swollen inventory and slow turnaround hurt dealers because they must borrow money to pay for the cars the manufacturers ship. This has also become a problem for auto manufacturers such as GM, Ford and Chrysler due to their manufacturing processes which are not set up to quickly change production models and have been geared toward optimizing the efficiency of the production plant. Again because of the frequent change in consumer tastes which can shift almost overnight as gasoline prices rise or fall, or as one automotive fashion fad gives way to another. This problem is impacting the business performance of AutoNation and of the auto manufacturers because of following reasons. 1. It has become imperative for the manufacturers to keep their plants running regardless of demand to pay for the rising costs of employee healthcare and pensions. What’s more, auto workers must be paid most of their salaries regardless of whether they are working, so manufacturers want them working all the time. 2. Losing market share to the Japanese and Koreans 3. Auto manufacturers are scrambling to revamp their product line up 4. The enlarged inventory and slow turnaround hurt dealers because they must borrow money to pay for the cars the manufacturers ship. 2. What pieces of data do AutoNation need to determine what cars to stock in each of its dealerships? How can it obtain these data? Ans: The following pieces of data AutoNation need to determine†¦ Preferences of car buyers Most popular configurations They put forth a major effort to consolidate the customer lists from its hundreds of dealerships. They uses proprietary analytic software as well as assistance from DME, a marketing firm with expertise in creating customized direct mail campaigns. 3. What is AutoNation’s solution to its problem? What obstacles must AutoNation overcome to implement its solution? Ans: They categorized their customers into groups with the help of DME and propriety analytical software and follow unique strategies for each category. They create sales pitches, service specials etc. for each group. In the past they tried to search for customers who want to buy the cars that they produced but now they are producing what customers looking for. And also AutoNation is trying to apply these principles of market intelligence to auto manufacturing. They use data mining techniques to determine the demand for each model and very accurate configurations of each model among thousands of possible variations that are most popular with buyers. With this they can focus on producing these vehicles in the numbers that the data dictate. Therefore they don’t have to keep unnecessary inventory. To auto manufacturing, the auto nation must overcome this problem such as the rising of gasoline price and the demand to the pay for the rising of cost employee healthcare and pensions. It will be effective enough to bring production in line with the customers demand. It can lower the rising cost of gasoline and makes the company revenue up to 90% total earn for selling branded cars. And also it will help them to compete with Japan and Korean car producers. They can determine the demand for each model and very accurate configurations of each model among thousands of possible variations that are most popular with buyers. MIS In Action Explore autonation.com, examining all of its features and capabilities. Then answer the following questions. 1. How does this Web site help AutoNation forge closer ties with customers and potential customers? Ans: The AutoNation web site offers vast experience in new and used car sales and service. They have a large selection of cars, trucks and SUVs on the web. That means that customers can easily find the vehicle that they want. It doesn’t only help the customers to find the right price. Using their web site, customers can explore car pricing options with a quick quote or by payment, then research reviews and compare new and used cars that fit their budget and needs, check available auto financing and leasing plans, and search AutoNation’s huge auto inventory to locate the car, truck or sports utility vehicle that customers like. Their dealers carry popular brands including Acura, Audi, Bentley, BMW, Buick, Cadillac, Chevy, Chrysler, Dodge, Ford, GMC, Honda, Hyundai, Infiniti, Isuzu, Jaguar, Jeep, Land Rover, Lexus, Lincoln, Mazda, Mercedes-Benz, Mercury, MINI, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Pontiac, Porsche, Saturn, Scion, Subaru, Toyota, Volkswagen and Volvo. Therefore customers have a vast collection to pick their choices. AutoNation’s dedicated sales force is available by email or telephone if customer has questions, need information or wish to complete their transaction online. Or, if customers prefer to visit one of AutoNation’s local auto dealerships, he/she can search for the closest dealership through this site. That is how they have ties with customers and potential customers. 2. What information could AutoNation collect from its Web site that would help it determine in which makes and models of cars are of most interest to potential buyers? Ans: †¢ What type of cars customers looking for (used/brand new) †¢ What is the brand that customers looking for †¢ Which model †¢ When the vehicle is designed †¢ If it is a used vehicle then mileage †¢ In what period of the year people buy more vehicles †¢ Usually how much a person spend on a vehicle †¢ What is the customer total income †¢ What type of customers buy which brand

Hamlet Complex Decision

Professor Maureen Edison World Literature 1 Asmaa Abdelaal Essay 1 Hamlet Complex Decision Abdelaal 1 Hamlet Complex Decision â€Å"To be, or not to be, that is the question† (Hamlet, 2446). To live or to die? Do I take avenge or not? To leave Denmark polluted or not? Hamlet a young prince of Denmark faces the truth of the former King. Hamlets father death was an actual murder. In addition the Queen Hamlets mother marries Hamlets Uncle, Claudius and former Kings brother. Hamlets throughout the play faced a complex decision either to live as if his father was not murdered or to kill who murdered his father.Hamlet father is King Hamlet and his mother Queen Gertrude. Hamlet full of hate for his Uncle and disgust of his mothering marrying him. â€Å"Seems, madam? Nay, it is. I know not seems. Tis not alone my inky cloak, good mother, Nor customary suits of solemn black, Nor windy suspiration of forced breath, No, nor the fruitful river in the eye, Nor the dejected’ havior of the visage, Together with all forms, moods , shapes of grief, That can denote me truly. These indeed â€Å"seem,† For they are actions that a man might play. But I have that within which passeth show, These but the trapping and the suits of woe. (Hamlet, 2417) Abdelaal 2 Hamlets black cloths is his weeping and â€Å"seem† fake grief. Fake grief is sadness the cloths is just a hint of it. Hamlets father ghost appears and claims to have been murdered by Claudius. Hamlet obsessed with avenging his father death but keeps thinking of reasons why he should wait before killing Claudius. Gertrude knows how Hamlet feels cares more about how she sees herself. The new King of Denmark Claudius, Hamlet Uncle. Claudius is calculating is power. Claudius doesn’t know until later on that Hamlet has found the truth about his father death. Polonius is father of Laertes and Ophelia.Polonius throughout the play tries to figure what Hamlet up to. Horatio is a close friend to Hamle t which they both studied at the same University of Wittenberg. Hamlet trusts Horatio because he is loyal and helpful. Horatio such a good friend he comes to the funeral/ wedding to stand by Hamlets side. â€Å"O God, beast that wants discourse of reason Would have mourned long! – married with my uncle, My father brother but no more like my father Than I to Hercules. Within a month, Ere yet the salt of most unrighteous tears Had left the flushing in her galled eyes, She married. O most wicked speed, to post With such dexterity to incestuous sheets!It is not nor it cannot come to good, But break, my heart, for I must hold my tongue. † (Hamlet, 2420) Abdelaal 3 This is what Hamlet sees happening his mother marrying his father brother in less than of a month of his father death even before tears come down on his mother cheeks had dried she was too quick to move on. Ophelia is Polonius daughter a beautiful girl who Hamlet in love with. In the play Ophelia obeys her father and her brother Laertes allowing Polonies to use her to spy on Hamlet. Later on her father will die. Laertes is Polonius son and Ophelia brother. Laertes is thoughtful of Hamlet.Polonius thinks a man on fire not Hamlet who heart on fire which gives more light than heat and fire will be out before his promises are done. He thinks Ophelia mistaking love and wants her to spend less time with him. He tells her to remember him young that he knows how to fool around you and to not bileve his nice cloths and order her to do as he says. Ophelia obeys the order. â€Å"Ay, springs to catch woodcocks. I do know, When the blood burns, how prodigal the soul Lends the tongue vows. These blazes, daughter, Giving more light than heat, extinct in both Even in their promise as it is a making, You must not take for fire.From this time Be somewhat scanter of your maiden presence. Set your entremets at higher rate Than a command to parley. For lord Hamlet, Bileve so much in him that he is young, And wi th a larger tether may he walk Than may be given you. In few, Ophelia, Do not believe his vows, for they are brokers Not of that dye which their investments show, But mere imploratory of unholy suits, Breathing like sanctified and opioids bawds, The better to beguile. This is for all I would not, in plain terms, from this time forth, Have you so slander any moment leisure, Alto give words or talk with Lord Hamlet, Look to ‘t’ I charge you.Come your ways† ( Polonius, 2422) Fortinbras is young prince of Norway the King of Fortinbras which was killed by Hamlets father. Now out of revenge Fortinbras wishes to attack Denmark to avenge his father honor. Gotland and Cornelius are courtiers who Claudius sends to Norway to stop Fortinbras from attacking Denmark. Hamlets father who wants his son Hamlet to take avenge to what happened to him. Hamlet at first when hears from Marcellus and Barnardo about a ghost who they suspect might be his father thinks that the ghost is a d evil sent to deceive him where the ghost comes from in the play is never said.Marcellus is the first officer see too she the ghost with Hamlets. â€Å"Two nights together had these gentlemen, Marcellus and Barnardo, on their watch, In the dead waste and middle of the night, Been thus Abdelaal 5 encountered: a figure like your father, Armed at point exactly, cap_a-pie, Appears before them and with soleman march Goes slow and stale by them. Thrice he walked By the oppressed and fear surprised eyes Within his truncheons length, whilst they, distilled Almost to jelly with the act of fear, Stand dumb and speak not to him.This to miens dreadful secrecy impact they did, And I wait them the third night kept the watch, Where as they had delivered, both in time, Form of the thing, each word made true and good The apparition comes. I knew your father, The hands are not more like. † ( Horatio, 2418) After midnight for two nights the officers think that the figure they keeping seeing is H amlet father. The guard were scared yet amazed at the same time on the third night it happened again and that when they told Hamlet. â€Å"So have I heard and doing part bileve it. But look the Oren in russets mantle clad.Walked o’er the dew of yon high eastward hill. Break we our watch quip, and by my advice. Let us impact what we have seen tonight. Unto young Hamlet: for upon my Abdelaal 6 life, this spirit dumb to us, will speak to him. Do you concept we shall acquaint him with it.. As needful of our loves, rotting our duty? †( Horatio, 2419). Horatio, fellow student, and best friend of Hamlets tell him he has seen his father ghost, he would not say word until he speaks to Hamlets. Hamlet accepting to see the ghost was a decision he made. Later it will change his image towards his mother and Claudius.After, Horatio tells Prince Hamlet, the ghost won’t speak only to Hamlet. The ghost tells Hamlet to take avenge. â€Å"I am thy father spout doomed for certain term to walk the night, And for the day confined to fasting fires, Till the foul crimes doe in my days of nature, Are burnt and purged away. But that I am forbid to tell the secret of my prison house† (Ghost, 2430). The ghost is very angry and wants avenge. † Avenge his foul and takes him he was murder but hissed by his uncle Claudius. † O, my prophetic soul! U my uncle â€Å"(Hamlet, 2429). With that said, he had to make an important decision whether to bileve the ghost or not.This decision means allot to him because he is supposed to be next in the throne not his Uncle. In addition, the Queen the wife of the former King, marries the brother Claudius, who is the King of Denmark. Abdelaal 7 â€Å"Thought yet of Hamlets, our dear brother death. The memory is green, and that it is us befitted. To bear us hearts in grief and our whole kingdom. To be contracted in on brow of woe, Teat so far hath discretion fought with nature. That we with wise sorrow think of him, T ogether with remembrance ourselves, therefore our sometime, sister now our queen† (King, 2417). The King. He hath not failed to pester us with the message, importing the surrender of those lands, lost by his father with all bonds of law† (King, 2417). Hamlet is not happy, but he can’t disobey the Queen nor the King. Claudius gives a negative, ignorant sneaky, impression to rule Denmark. Hamlet can’t adapt to the new life in Denmark, under his Uncle, the Kings throne. Before Hamlet made any decisions he had to think through what the ghost said to him that night. â€Å"I am thy fathers spirit, Doomed for certain term to walk the night And for the day confined to fast in fires, Till the foul crimes done in my days of nature Are burnt and purged away.But that I am forbid To tell the secrets of my prison Abdelaal 8 house, I could a tale in fold whose lightest word Would harrow up thy soul, freeze thy young blood, Make I fin three apt, And duller shrouds thou be than the fat weed That roots itself in ease on Lethe wharf, Wouldst thou not stir in this. Now, Hamlet, hear. Tis given ot that, sleeping in my orchard, A serpent stung me. So the whole ear f of Denmark is by a forged process of my death rankly abused. But know, thou noble youth. The serpent that did sting thy atheist life Now’s wears his crown. † (Ghost, 2429) In rder to find out the real truth Hamlet decides to put a play on the hires actors tor reveal the truth. â€Å"And cleave the general ear with hurried speech, Make mad the guilty and appall the free, confounded the ignorant, and amaze indeed† (Hamlet. 2430). The ghost is his father and his father tells him he did not die by a poisonous snake that was lie that everyone in Denmark was fooled by. He tells him the real snake is the person so is wearing the crown. Hamlet would be able to see the real side of his Uncle. The reaction of the King of Denmark will show him if he really killed his father or not.Ham let quick makes decision of Abdelaal 9 whether to take avenge or not. Rosencrantz and Horatio helped Hamlets put the play on. â€Å"Even those you want to take such delight in the tragedians of the city† (Rosencrantz, 2439. ) Suspiciously, the King of Denmark ends up knowing that Hamlets found out the truth Claudius his Uncle has been hiding, and tried to kill him. â€Å"Get from him why he puts on this confusion grating so harshly all his quiet with turbulent and dangerously lunacy? †(King, 2450). The King wants to get back at Hamlets so he tells Polonies about Ophelia and Hamlet. I do repent, but heaven hath please it so, to punish me with this, and I will answer well, the death I gave him, so again, good, I must be cruel only to be kind†( Hamlet. 2450). Hamlets avoided Ophelia because he loves her and he is seeking for avenge towards his Uncle. Killing his Uncle meant allot to him, because he saw everyone around him mad, and angrily felt that was the right thi ng to do, because he is paying death with respect. The king tells Laertes which is Polonies Laertes father, that Hamlet killed his father. â€Å"Not that I think you did not love your father.But that I know love is begun by time† (King, 2477). Now Laertes wants to take avenge for his father. † I‘ll not be jangled with to hell allegiance! Vows to the blackest devil conscience and grace to the profoundest pit! I am damation. To this point I stand, that both the worlds I give to Abdelaal 10 negligence, let come what comes only. I’ll be avenged most thoroughly for my father† (Laertes, 2478). The king brings Hamlets to Laertes so they can fight Hamlets ends up getting wounded, and Laertes end getting wounded and dies. The ling wanted to poison Hamlet; instead the Queen drinks the poison. No, no the drink-O my dear Hamlet- The dink, the drink I am poisoned† (Queen, 2497). Hamlet angrily makes the King drink the poison. † Forcing the King to drin k, here. Thou, incestuous, murderous, dammed Dane, Drink off this potion. Is thy union here? Follow my mother? †(Hamlet, 2498). Hamlet was so mad at his Uncle’s ignorance. Hamlet looks around everyone is dead so he kills himself. â€Å"O, I die, Horatio, the potent poison quite o’er cows y spirit, I cannot live to hear the news from England, But I do prophesy th’ election lights, on Fortinbras. He has my dying voice so tell him. with, with the occurrences, more and less, which have solicited the rest is silence† (Hamlet, 24997). When Hamlet killed his Uncle, it wasn’t more of decision; his manger towards the loved one dying caused him to make his Uncle feel the same way. However his decision impacted Denmark in good way, because it would no longer be controlled by a bad King. Hamlet was looking at bigger picture. He sacrificed his teenage life for Denmark people to be in good hands. Abdelaal 11 â€Å"Whether tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And, by opposing, end them?To die, to sleep No more and by a sleep to say we end The heartache and the thousand natural shocks That flesh is heir to tis a consummation Devoutly to be wished! To die, to sleep. To sleep, perchance to dream ay, there the rub, For in that sleep of death what dreams may come When we have shuffled of this mortal coil, Must give us pause. There the respect That makes calamity of so long life. † (Hamlet, 2439) Nasty things that luck throws your way to fight against all those troubles by simply putting an end to them once and for all? It sleeps and maybe dreams but worries about life.This is how Hamlet felt before making the decision he made is mind about. Overall, everyone dies. Should have he done something before this tragedy happened? Hamlet was constantly going back in forth. At the end he made a decision by taking avenge for his father and killing himself so h e doesn’t face the new of England and not live the rest of his life miserable and feeling guilty. â€Å"Of that I shall have also cause to speak, And from his mouth whose voice will draw on more, But Abdelaal 12 let this same be presently performed, Even while men’s minds are wild, lest more enhance , on plots and errors happen†( Horatio, 2488).The actions the King states become pouted. Hamlet had to put his life on the line for Denmark to punish Claudius. As a young boy Hamlet, was a normal person went to school lived his life, and matured up when he put his life on the line for his country, which ended up in an outrageous ending. Abdelaal 13 Works Citied Crowther, John, ed. â€Å"No Fear Hamlet. † SparkNotes LLC. 2005. http://nfs. sparknotes. com/hamlet/ (accessed June 8, 2012). Shakesphere, Wiiiam. â€Å"Hamlet. † Hamlet. 8th ed. Vol. 1. United States: Matnard Mark, 1984. 2406-500. Print.

Definition and Examples of the Interrobang

Definition and Examples of the Interrobang The interrobang (in-TER-eh-bang) is a  nonstandard mark of punctuation in the form of a question mark superimposed on an exclamation point (sometimes appearing as ?!), used to end a rhetorical question or a simultaneous question and exclamation. A blend  of the words  interrogation  and  bang, interrobang is an old printer’s term for the exclamation mark. Though editor Martin K. Speckter is generally credited with the marks invention in 1962 (its name was suggested by a reader of Speckters magazine,  Type Talks), a version of the interrobang had already been used for decades in the speech balloons of comic strips. Mac McGrew has characterized the interrobang as the first new punctuation mark to have been introduced in three hundred years and the only one invented by an American (American Metal Typefaces of the Twentieth Century, 1993). However, the mark is rarely used, and it hardly ever appears in formal writing. Examples and Observations James Harbeck Whats up with English punctuations?! Usually we have a glut, but for certain situations, we dont have a mark?! Say what?! –Where Is the Interrobang?!  Songs of Love and Grammar. Lulu, 2012 Martin K. Speckter To this day, we don’t know exactly what Columbus had in mind when he shouted ‘Land, ho.’ Most historians insist that he cried, ‘Land, ho!’ but there are others who claim it was really ‘Land ho?’ Chances are the intrepid Discoverer was both excited and doubtful, but neither at that time did we, nor even yet, do we, have a point which clearly combines and melds interrogation with exclamation. –Making a New Point, or How About That . . .. Type Talks, March-April, 1962 New York Times From 1956 to 1969, Mr. Speckter was president of Martin K. Speckter Associates Inc... In 1962, Mr. Speckter developed the interrobang, since recognized by several dictionaries and some type and typewriter companies. The mark is said to be the typographical equivalent of a grimace or a shrug of the shoulders. It applied solely to the rhetorical, Mr. Speckter said, when a writer wished to convey incredulity. For example, the interrobang would be used in an expression like this: You call that a hat?! – Martin Spekter obituary: Martin K. Speckter, 73, Creator of Interrobang. The New York Times, February 16, 1988 Keith Houston [F]everish interest in Martin Speckters invention followed the release of Remingtons interrobang key [on typewriters in the 1960s]... Unfortunately, the interrobangs status as a cause cà ©là ¨bre during the late 1960s and early 1970s proved ephemeral, and its popularity reached a plateau even as Remington Rands interrobang key let the average typist make use of it. A creation of the advertising world- and considered by some an unnecessary one at that- the interrobang faced resistance in literary and academic spheres and was beset by more prosaic technical difficulties at almost every turn... [A] combination of factorsthe six-year delay in getting the new character from composition to printing; the sheer inertia of punctuation practice; doubt as to the grammatical need for a new symbol- sent the interrobang to an early grave. By the early 1970s it had largely fallen out of use, and the chance for its widespread acceptance seemed to have been missed. Shady Characters: The Secret Life of Punctuation, Symbols, and Other Typographical Marks. Norton, 2013 Liz Stinson In  many ways one could say that the interrobang has now been superseded by the emoticon, which makes similar use of glyph combinations in order to add emphasis and feeling to the sentence that precedes it. –The Secret History of the Hashtag, Slash, and Interrobang. Wired, October 21, 2015 William Zinnser According to its sponsors, the [interrobang] is getting support from typographers who recommend it for its ability to express the incredibility of modern life. Well, I certainly agree that modern life is incredible. Most of us, in fact, now go through our days in a state of Really?!- if not Are you kidding?! Still, I seriously doubt if we are going to solve the problem by creating new punctuation marks. That only clutters up a language more... Besides, let in one mans interrobang and you let in every nut who is trying to express the incredibility of modern life. –For Clear Expression: Try Words. Life, November 15, 1968

Free Essays on Does Television Effect Obesity

Technology can be linked to the increase rate of individuals becoming overweight. Things become readily available through technology, which means people have to do less work. A prime example of technology that is attibuted to making people overweight is the television. Some people believe that several hours of television viewing everyday can be a cause of obesity, which I find that belief to be credible. Television viewing is a factor in increasing obesity among the people of today. In my opinion, watching many hours of television can lead to obesity. If my belief of whether or not television is a factor in obesity is true, it is imperative to find out what can be done to solve the issue. Did you know that over half of all Americans (about 97 million) are overweight or obese? The term obesity is defined as â€Å"an abnormal accumulation of body fat frequently resulting in an impairment of health† (â€Å"Obesity†). The National Institute of Health defines obesity as being more than 20% above the ideal body weight (approximately 20% males and 30% for females). Not many people are aware of obesity, and that is why approximately 34% of the adult population is overweight. Obesity can affect anyone from young children to older adults. There are many causes for obesity such as over-eating, genetics, hormones, the environment, and an insufficient amount of physical activity. Obesity has several causes like health issues, depression, eating disorders, and unfortunately even death. The late rapper Big Punisher and actor John Candy were unfortunate victims of obesity and sadly they are now deceased because of obesity. Obesity tends to run in families, whic h shows that obesity can be genetic. Some diseases linked to obesity are diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, stroke, arthritis, and cancer. The search for an obesity gene is complicated because families also tend to share eating habits and lifestyles. In one study, howeve... Free Essays on Does Television Effect Obesity Free Essays on Does Television Effect Obesity Technology can be linked to the increase rate of individuals becoming overweight. Things become readily available through technology, which means people have to do less work. A prime example of technology that is attibuted to making people overweight is the television. Some people believe that several hours of television viewing everyday can be a cause of obesity, which I find that belief to be credible. Television viewing is a factor in increasing obesity among the people of today. In my opinion, watching many hours of television can lead to obesity. If my belief of whether or not television is a factor in obesity is true, it is imperative to find out what can be done to solve the issue. Did you know that over half of all Americans (about 97 million) are overweight or obese? The term obesity is defined as â€Å"an abnormal accumulation of body fat frequently resulting in an impairment of health† (â€Å"Obesity†). The National Institute of Health defines obesity as being more than 20% above the ideal body weight (approximately 20% males and 30% for females). Not many people are aware of obesity, and that is why approximately 34% of the adult population is overweight. Obesity can affect anyone from young children to older adults. There are many causes for obesity such as over-eating, genetics, hormones, the environment, and an insufficient amount of physical activity. Obesity has several causes like health issues, depression, eating disorders, and unfortunately even death. The late rapper Big Punisher and actor John Candy were unfortunate victims of obesity and sadly they are now deceased because of obesity. Obesity tends to run in families, whic h shows that obesity can be genetic. Some diseases linked to obesity are diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, stroke, arthritis, and cancer. The search for an obesity gene is complicated because families also tend to share eating habits and lifestyles. In one study, howeve...

Gerardus Mercator

Gerardus Mercator Gerardus Mercator was a Flemish cartographer, philosopher, and geographer who is best known for his creation of the Mercator map projection. On the Mercator projection parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude are drawn as straight lines so that they are useful for navigation. Mercator was also known for his development of the term â€Å"atlas† for a collection of maps and his skill in calligraphy, engraving, publishing and making of scientific instruments (Monmonier 2004). In addition, Mercator had an interests in mathematics, astronomy, cosmography, terrestrial magnetism, history and theology (Monmonier 2004).   Today Mercator is mostly thought of as a cartographer and geographer and his map projection was used for hundreds of years as the quintessential way to depict the Earth. Many maps using the Mercator projection are still used in classrooms today, despite the development of newer, more accurate map projections. Early Life and Education Gerardus Mercator was born on March 5, 1512 in Rupelmond, County of Flanders (modern-day Belgium). His name at birth was Gerard de Cremer or de Kremer (Encyclopedia Britannica). Mercator is the Latin form of this name and means â€Å"merchant† (Wikipedia.org). Mercator grew up in the Duchy of Julich and was educated Hertogenbosch in the Netherlands where he received training in the Christian doctrine as well as Latin and other dialects.   In 1530 Mercator began studying at the Catholic University of Leuven in Belgium where he studied humanities and philosophy. He graduated with his master’s degree in 1532. Around this time Mercator began to have doubts about the religious aspect of his education because he could not combine what he was taught about the origin of the universe with that of Aristotle’s and other more scientific beliefs (Encyclopedia Britannica). After his two years away in Belgium for his master’s degree, Mercator returned to Leuven with an interest in philosophy and geography. At this time Mercator began studying with Gemma Frisius, a theoretical mathematician, physician and astronomer, and Gaspar a Myrica, an engraver and goldsmith. Mercator eventually mastered mathematics, geography and astronomy and his work, combined with that of Frisius and a Myrica made Leuven a center for the development of globes, maps and astronomical instruments (Encyclopedia Britannica). Professional Development By 1536 Mercator had proven himself as an excellent engraver, calligrapher, and instrument maker. From 1535-1536 he participated in a project to create a terrestrial globe and in 1537 he worked on a celestial globe. Most of Mercator’s work on the globes consisted of the labeling of features with italic lettering.   Throughout the 1530’s Mercator continued to develop into a skilled cartographer and the terrestrial and celestial globes helped to cement his reputation as the leading geographer of that century. In 1537 Mercator created a map of the Holy Land and in 1538 he made a map of the world on a double heart-shaped or cordiform projection (Encyclopedia Britannica). In 1540 Mercator designed a map of Flanders and published a manual on italic lettering called, Literarum Latinarum quas Italicas Cursoriasque Vocant Scribende Ratio.   In 1544 Mercator was arrested and charged with heresy because of his many absences from Leuven to work on his maps and his beliefs toward Protestantism (Encyclopedia Britannica). He was later released due to university support and he was allowed to continue pursuing his scientific studies and print and publish books. In 1552 Mercator moved to Duisburg in the Duchy of Cleve and assisted in the creation of a grammar school. Throughout the 1550’s Mercator also worked on genealogical research for Duke Wilhelm, wrote a Concordance of the Gospels, and compose several other works. In 1564 Mercator created a map of Lorraine and the British Isles. In the 1560’s Mercator began to develop and perfect his own map projection in an effort to help merchants and navigators more effectively plan a course over long distances by plotting it on straight lines. This projection became known as the Mercator projection and was used on his map of the world in 1569. Later Life and Death In 1569 and throughout the 1570’s Mercator began a series of publications to describe the creation of the world through maps. In 1569 he published a chronology of the world from Creation to 1568 (Encyclopedia Britannica). In 1578 he published another which consisted of 27 maps that were originally produced by Ptolemy. The next section was published in 1585 and consisted of newly created maps of France, Germany and the Netherlands. This section was followed by another in 1589 that included maps of Italy, â€Å"Sclavonia† (the present-day Balkans), and Greece (Encyclopedia Britannica).   Mercator died on December 2, 1594, but his son aided in the production of the final section of his father’s atlas in 1595. This section included maps of the British Isles. Mercator’s Legacy Following its final section being printed in 1595 Mercator’s atlas was reprinted in 1602 and again in 1606 when it was named the â€Å"Mercator-Hondius Atlas.† Mercator’s atlas was one of the first to include maps of the world’s development and it, along with his projection remain as significant contributions to the fields of geography and cartography. To learn more about Gerardus Mercator and his map projection, read Mark Monmonier’s Rhumb Lines and Map Wars: A Social History of the Mercator Projection.

Final reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Final reflection - Essay Example I thought each and every explanation I made through my words in written was final and there needed no expansion. I therefore always emphasized upon my thesis to be the final. I was however wrong. Today when I have completed my one-year long course in English, I hereby confess that I had no legal grounds behind my claim of being the best. I was just an elementary student of writing. I have completed my course and in the silence of evening standing by the edge of my home-garden, I have to pay thanks to my teachers who corrected my errors and invoked in me the zeal to search out for befitting words while writing. During the introduction of my paper, I had usually no idea that first impression always proves to be the last impression to the reader. I remember that I did not take care for my introductory remarks in my assignment of May 11, 2013 when I used â€Å"hypothesis† instead of â€Å"thesis† which my tutor rejected at once. I was, though in hidden words, told to pay ma ximum attention to the selection of words. I noticed that I had de-tracked my reader by de-tracking the introduction of my paper. I wrote: â€Å"The hypothesis quotes that increase in women education has led to increase in their employment currently and in future† (Writer’s Letter). ... This is what I came to know after I submitted different assignments to my teacher. In the Writer’s Letter, I was told that providing information in the body of the paper is a sensitive thing to do and deliberate provision of false information is the academic crime. I included â€Å"John†, â€Å"Sir Alton† and† Charlie† amongst the characters which were never there in the novel. This was something rash and irresponsible on my part. But what I learned was my resolve not to commit such crimes again and the next of my papers proves that I presented solid information which was up to the satisfaction. I was able to introduce my inner belief in the paper and to my pleasure, the tutor rewarded me with applause when I wrote: â€Å"Through my socialization, I was made to believe in the almighty God who gives life and thus no human intervention would prolong or shorten the life span of humans unless God does it†. I was encouraged I must be critical while explaining different aspects of things. Thus I learned that for the best work, one must try not to conceal any information nor provide false data instead be critical and open-hearted. Lot to pay thanks to my teachers; they produced in me the zeal to write better. Due to their timely and again guidance, my phrases got much better than they used to be in the past. In fact my expressions went improving with the continuous attention of my teachers. The same is evident in my academic writings where my errors lessened with every next assignment. I was able to produce in me the capability to shape my ideas and views into an excellent learning piece. I could not imagine I would ever be able to exploit beautiful sentences in support of my view. Earlier I

Business leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business leadership - Essay Example Its object is to point out weaknesses and errors in order to rectify [them] and prevent recurrence.† The main focus of the controlling function is to make sure that everything is going according to plan and whatever is not going according to plan is fixed up as soon as possible. Modern day function of controlling has become very advanced; the managers are required to have the skill of foreseeing the events which are going to take place; on the other hand the function of controlling was only brought into effect after the problems were detected before the introduction of the modern functions of controlling. When a Manager adopts the method of controlling, he/she should make sure that it is done on a regular basis because controlling is a continuous process and should be carried out on a regular basis in any organization. Another important feature of controlling is that it is closely interrelated to Planning, under the process of planning, the goals are set for an organization and the function of controlling makes sure that those set goals are achieved in this way these two functions are interrelated. This paper will also throw light upon the ten principles of complexity and a conclusion that will sum up the discussing presented in the paper will be arrived upon. Management is quite a complicated task and involves a lot of innovation. The tricks taught in business schools, is flawed and this will be proved in this paper, a comprehensive understanding of â€Å"The Manager’s Job† written by Mintzberg will be presented in this paper. This article explores the different functions of a manager namely, coordinating, planning and controlling. Mintzberg is pretty convinced that the most basic functions of a manager is coordinating, planning and controlling but if a person observes a manager, it will be found that none of these three pivotal aspects of management are actually carried out by a manager. The same is proved with the help of

R Software to complete this task Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

R Software to complete this task - Coursework Example The negative skewness implies that there are more data points on the left side of the histogram (negative side of a skew plot). One can conclude that the life expectancy across the 182 countries is well below 70 years. The scatter plot above barely indicate any form of correlation between internet usage and life expectancy. However, it is clearly indicative that as internet usage increase from 20 to 80, the life expectancy tends to stay above 70 years and steadily moves towards 80 years. This can be simply explained by the fact that increased internet usage leads to better health care awareness. Being exposed to better and healthy living habits and information through the internet may be the cause for increased longevity. The histogram for life expectancy in Europe also shows that the distribution is negatively skewed, but much lesser compared to the entire world life expectancy. The skewness coefficient stands at (-0.52496). However, looking at the bar plots above, there seems to be a reduced number of age data points on the left side. This means that Europe experience increased longevity compared to the world (Reimann et al.). A careful look at the histogram shows that between ages 60 to age 78, the distribution is symmetrical. However, when the age limit is extended above 80, the distribution becomes negatively skewed. The life expectancy in Europe is much higher compared to the 182 countries. The first histogram plot clearly shows that the life expectancy across the 182 countries is 70 years, while the second histogram plot shows that the life expectancy in Europe is at 78 years. Both histograms distribution are negatively skewed, however, Europe seems to have more access to information technology (internet access) which obviously has improved the living standard and heath care for the aging population. In addition, one can also conclude that since Europe has many developed markets, a huge proportion of the population is able to

Os Claim Against VC for Outstanding Freight Coursework

Os Claim Against VC for Outstanding Freight - Coursework Example Secondly, it must be determined, if no breach of contract was found to have occurred, whether or not the contract was completed once the ship sailed from Piraeus. The underlying determining factors in both instances are seaworthiness on the part of the transporting vessel (Costa Lotta) and/or negligence on the part of Costa’s captain and crew. Generally seaworthiness refers to the state of the ship and places upon the ship owner a duty to provide a seaworthy vessel.1 Since O owns the Costa, it can be assumed that the ship itself is seaworthy in terms of structural soundness or â€Å"fit for purpose†2 otherwise the ship would not have chosen for the journey. The crew’s competence is relevant in determining the seaworthiness of the vessel. It was held in Wedderburn v Bell that whether a ship’s construction is sound or not is irrelevant if the ship’s crew is incompetent or lacks the skills necessary for navigating the ship for the duration of the chart ered journey.3 In other words, the seaworthiness of a ship will also depend on the competence of the crew. It was held in Standard Oil v Clan Line that â€Å"a ship may be rendered unseaworthy by the inefficiency of the master who commands her.†4 Based on the facts of the case for discussion however, there is no evidence that the captain or his crew lacked the necessary skills to navigate the ship. There is also no evidence of negligence. The fact is, the Costa came across unusual weather and unanticipated delays which ultimately resulted in the loss of freight. By all accounts the master acted promptly and responsibly. The main question is therefore whether or not the contract for the delivery of the freight was completed once the ship sailed from Piraeus. The leading case on the issue is Bank of Boston Connecticut v European Grain & Shipping Ltd (The Dominique). In The Dominique the ship owner entered into a charterparty with the defendant in which payment for freight was d ue after the signing of the bills of lading. The bills of lading were signed and the ship was subsequently arrested and thus failed to complete the journey. It was held that the ship owner had a right to claim the freight once the bills of lading were signed. Thus the ship onwer’s right accrued prior to the ship’s arrest and the chaterparty’s termination. Therefore not only was the ship owner entitled to claim the freight, the chaterer was not entitled to offset damages arising out of the breach of a charterparty relative to the freight claim.5 The facts of The Dominique are entirely similar to the facts of the case for discussion. Payment for the freight was due once the ship sailed from Piraeus. Therefore O’s claim predates the perils at sea and the subsequent salvage operations. In this regard, O can successfully pursue a claim against VC for the outstanding freight. The action may be commenced by filing an action is rem. An action is rem is an action not against a ship, although it impacts the ship’s owner.6 The ship in question is the Jolly Roger owned by VC and purportedly arriving in the UK, which is the only asset that VC will have in the UK. The jurisdiction for filing an action in rem is facilitated by Section 20(2) of the Supreme Court Act 1981. In this regard, Section 20(2) of the 1981 Act provides that actions in rem may be pursued in any of the two following circumstances: (g)  any claim for loss of or damage to goods carried in a ship; (h)  any claim arising out of any agreement relating to the carriage of goods in a ship or to the use or hire of a ship.7 In addition, the jurisdiction of the Admiralty Court may be invoked relative to an action in rem when: (a) the claim arises in connection with a ship; and (b) The person who would be liable on the claim in an action

Police administration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Police administration - Essay Example This role involves issues such as rules, employees, jobs, tasks, supervision, budget, efficiency, and workload. This role ensures that the police executive see to it that the functions of the police organizations are executed correctly. This is because the police executive is at the tiller of the police system and therefore must ensure that processes, inputs, outputs and feedback are dealt with properly in order to allow the police system accomplish its goals. This role is important to the police department because it sees the management of police inputs, processes and outcome. Without this role, the goals of the police administration may just be a mirage (Cordner & Scarborough, 2007). The second basic police executive role deals with external matters of the police organization. Because police organizations are open systems, the organization interacts with other organizations in its environs. These environments of the police organization are associated with a number of variable deman ds such as unusual and routine requests for services of the police organization; directives originating from the judiciary; inquiries of police management of specific crimes and incidents; and the minimum requirements for police training mandated by the state. Many of these demands are particularly received by the police executive personally as well as the requests from the environment. The police executive due to this is responsible for the response of the entire police organization. In general, the police executive is held accountable for managing the interaction between the environment and the police organization in order to enable the police organization system achieves its goals. Again this is important in police departments as failure to manage effectively the police organization environment, the attainment of the organizational goals will be impeded (Cordner & Scarborough, 2007). Both the internal and external basic roles of the police executive are important to the departmen t and the community. It is essential obviously that the chief of police pays attention to the internal police operations of the police organization. The internal basic role therefore fits the concept of responsibilities and duties of management. The external basic role of the police executive may be less obvious compared to the internal basic role. Because the police organization is an open system and is therefore impacted by its environs, the criminal law, job applicants, requests for police assistance, and money to pay to employees of the police organization all come from the environment to the police department. The central government system, the community, the system of criminal justice, and the media also make primary aspects of the environment of the police organization. In order to assure success of the police department, police executives must give attention and focus on relations with all the mentioned environmental elements because they affect the police organization signi ficantly and directly (Reiss, 2004). Failure to perform any of the roles sufficiently can possibly ruin the entire police department and the police chief. Issues of internal role may lead to poor morale, low productivity, negligent work, substandard equipment and personnel, and abuses such as corruption and brutality. The system of police department can easily fail to achieve its goals as a result of poor internal management. On the other hand, not executing external basic role of the police executive will result into declined goal achievement. For example, if the police executive estrange city hall, it is most probable that requests of the budgets of the police will be put at risk and funding will be less sufficient for optimal performance of the police

Balanced Scorecard & Tableau de bord Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Balanced Scorecard & Tableau de bord - Essay Example This paper discusses the differences and similarities between the two systems of measurements by reviewing their strengths and weaknesses and then recommending the balanced scorecard as the best to be used by the companies. Introduction Lately there has been an increased performance measurement’s system evolution. The use of measurements that are non-financial, together with more conventional economical, has become a common recommendation; even though its uses are not something new, they were only developed fully during then nineties (Anthony &Dearden, 2007, p23). The relationship between the process of strategic planning and measurement of performance has been emphasized, at all the levels of a corporation. Presently, the most highly rated system of strategic measurement is the balanced scorecard. Nevertheless, the balanced scorecard has actually brought about serious attention particularly in the United States of America, as well as in some other several countries (Atkinson, Waterhouse and Wells, 2007, p.43). However, in France, the system of performance measurement has not been welcomed with much enthusiasm like in the other countries. The academic reticence of France relies mainly on the fact that the Fre nch companies have used for more than fifty years a literary dashboard (tableau de bord), which is much more similar to the balanced scorecard. ... Balanced scorecard Since the year 1992, several articles and texts have been dedicated to the balanced scorecard. However, those who mostly advocated for the approach are Kaplan and Norton. Moreover, several publications have stressed its general deployment conditions or reported particular experiences. It translates a business unit’s strategy and vision into goals and measures of performance in four various areas namely; the financial, client, perspectives of growth and learning and internal business process (Kaplan and Norton, 1993, p.83). The financial viewpoint identifies the way the corporation wishes to be seen by its shareholders. The customer viewpoint identifies the way the corporation wishes to be seen by its clients. The internal business process viewpoint highlights the business process whereby the corporation has to be specifically proficient for the purposes of satisfying its clients and shareholders. This explanation results in the identification of the major in dicators of process that the corporation wishes to manage and which will be party to the balanced scorecard itself (Jenkins, 2000, p.73). Usage and effectiveness among the survey respondents Tableau de bord It is not an easy thing to describe the tableau de bord. The tableau de bord is old as compared to the balanced scorecard, and this means that it has gone through several changes since its inception. There are several versions of it than the balanced scorecard. In French, we find that the ‘tableau de bord’ refers to the dashboard, and therefore the manager is figuratively compared to a pilot. In accordance with this culture, it is a tool meant for the company’s top management, giving it a quick and worldwide

Police administration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Police administration - Essay Example This role involves issues such as rules, employees, jobs, tasks, supervision, budget, efficiency, and workload. This role ensures that the police executive see to it that the functions of the police organizations are executed correctly. This is because the police executive is at the tiller of the police system and therefore must ensure that processes, inputs, outputs and feedback are dealt with properly in order to allow the police system accomplish its goals. This role is important to the police department because it sees the management of police inputs, processes and outcome. Without this role, the goals of the police administration may just be a mirage (Cordner & Scarborough, 2007). The second basic police executive role deals with external matters of the police organization. Because police organizations are open systems, the organization interacts with other organizations in its environs. These environments of the police organization are associated with a number of variable deman ds such as unusual and routine requests for services of the police organization; directives originating from the judiciary; inquiries of police management of specific crimes and incidents; and the minimum requirements for police training mandated by the state. Many of these demands are particularly received by the police executive personally as well as the requests from the environment. The police executive due to this is responsible for the response of the entire police organization. In general, the police executive is held accountable for managing the interaction between the environment and the police organization in order to enable the police organization system achieves its goals. Again this is important in police departments as failure to manage effectively the police organization environment, the attainment of the organizational goals will be impeded (Cordner & Scarborough, 2007). Both the internal and external basic roles of the police executive are important to the departmen t and the community. It is essential obviously that the chief of police pays attention to the internal police operations of the police organization. The internal basic role therefore fits the concept of responsibilities and duties of management. The external basic role of the police executive may be less obvious compared to the internal basic role. Because the police organization is an open system and is therefore impacted by its environs, the criminal law, job applicants, requests for police assistance, and money to pay to employees of the police organization all come from the environment to the police department. The central government system, the community, the system of criminal justice, and the media also make primary aspects of the environment of the police organization. In order to assure success of the police department, police executives must give attention and focus on relations with all the mentioned environmental elements because they affect the police organization signi ficantly and directly (Reiss, 2004). Failure to perform any of the roles sufficiently can possibly ruin the entire police department and the police chief. Issues of internal role may lead to poor morale, low productivity, negligent work, substandard equipment and personnel, and abuses such as corruption and brutality. The system of police department can easily fail to achieve its goals as a result of poor internal management. On the other hand, not executing external basic role of the police executive will result into declined goal achievement. For example, if the police executive estrange city hall, it is most probable that requests of the budgets of the police will be put at risk and funding will be less sufficient for optimal performance of the police

Decision Making Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Decision Making Management - Assignment Example ronment and surrounding in which it operates its business operations and also to continue to retain its customers by ensuring them that the company is effectively fulfilling its corporate social responsibility. Developing business ethics is one of the key issues for an organization and implant of such issues is extremely vital. Governments frequently focus on sustainability issue, which is associated with ethical issues and ethical standards as well. According to Hemmingway (2009), companies need to capitalize such business opportunities for the purpose of avoiding the negative outcomes for the company and also to further enhance the overall influence of its business operations on the economic life of the region, in which it operates its business operations. By fulfilling its social, environmental and economic duties towards the society, a company can enable itself to ensure the society and its people that the company is doing a productive job for society and environment as well. Often it happens that organizations are compelled to extend their capacity regarding corporate social responsibility by its stakeholders and organizations are well aware regarding the fact that if they do not fulfill the expectations of their stakeholders on timely basis, then they may have to face some severe consequences of it. Gray (2006) states that organization must ensure that they effectively communicate with its stakeholders all the major social issues, such as, pollution, employment, plant closures and other various major social issues and also the measures which the organization plans to adapt for the purpose of resolving such issues. In the recent times, companies have become extremely cautious and aggravated regarding to improve their business operations from the social point of view, that is understand and address the social issues on regular intervals, because the stakeholders of the company expects from it to do so on constant basis. Stakeholders include all the

The Fate Of Drugs And Drug Development Essay Example for Free

The Fate Of Drugs And Drug Development Essay The most appropriate dosage form for administering drugs to pediatric patients is the low-dose liquid format, computed through the patient’s kilogram body weight.   Pediatric patients are generally small in body size and thus a very low dose is sufficient in attaining the desired clinical outcome.   For adults, the maximum dose in tablet or capsule form can be administered. (2)   A drug in tablet or capsule form easily disintegrates in the stomach and the contents are further dissolved as it passes through into the small intestines, where absorption takes place. (3)   Pharmacokinetics pertains to the action of drugs in terms of absorption, as well as metabolism within the human body (Sharan et al., 2009).   This field also deals with the distribution of the drug and its eventual excretion. (4)   Pharmacokinetics involves a specific order of activities with regards to a drug because it describes the actual steps that occur during drug intake.   Before the actual effect of a drug takes place, the active ingredient needs to be absorbed through the intestinal lining and further distributed to the target areas of the body.   Metabolism then occurs which is the incorporation of the drug to the target areas.   Any excess or used drugs are then removed from the body through the process of excretion. (5)   The chemical nature of the drug determines the absorption ability of a drug.   Lipophilic drugs generally enter the cells quickly, due to its similarity in composition to the plasma membrane.   High dosages can also increase the absorption of a drug into cells. (6)   Pharmacodynamics pertains to the effect of a drug in terms of its biochemistry and physiological action in the human body. (7)   One main action of a drug is to stimulate the human body to perform a specific action (Kang and Lee, 2009).   Another type of drugs is the depressant, which slows down specific activities in the body.   There are also cytotoxic drugs that kill specific cells in the body.   Other drugs are aimed to replace certain substances that are lacking or at very low levels in the body. (8)   The general relationship observed is that when a drug response is attained, the serum concentration of that same drug is found to be at its highest dose.   Drug manufacturing is mainly based on the preparation of capsules or tablets that contain the minimum amount of the drug that can exert a response in the human body (Najib, 2009). (9)  Ã‚   An adverse effect of a drug occurs when there are more than enough amounts that are circulating in the body of a patient.   The excess amount can cause damage to the liver of an individual (Marin et al., 2009).   Drug-drug interactions pertain to the effect of one drug on another, if they are administered at the same time.   The presence of another drug may either interfere or enhance the effect of another drug and thus it is important for a physician to know all the drugs that a patient takes before prescribing or administering any new drugs. References Kang, J.S. and Lee, M.H.   (2009).   Overview of therapeutic drug monitoring.   Korean Journal of Internal Medicine, 24, 1-10. Marin, J.J., Briz, O., Perez, M.J., Romero, M.R. and Monte, M.J.   (2009).   Hepatobiliary transporters in the pharmacology and toxicology of anticancer drugs.   Frontiers in Bioscience, 14, 4257-4280. Najib, J.   (2009).   The efficacy and safety profile of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, a prodrug of d-amphetamine, for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adults.   Clinical Therapeutics, 31, 142-176. Sharan, K., Siddiqui, J.A., Swarnkar, G., Maurya, R. and Chattopadhyay, N.   (2009).   Role of phytochemicals in the prevention of menopausal bone loss: Evidence from in vitro and in vivo, human interventional and pharma-cokinetic studies.   Current Topics in Medical Chemistry, 16, 1138-1157.

Causes and Treatments of ALS

Causes and Treatments of ALS What is ALS? Introduction ALS is not contagious and although life expectancy of a person with Amyotrophic Laterals Sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig’s Disease, averages between two to five years after diagnosis. Up to 10 percent will survive more than ten years and five percent will live for 20 years. Approximately over 5,000 people in United States will be diagnosed with ALS every year. ALS occurs throughout the world with no racial, ethnic or socioeconomic boundaries’ and can affect anyone. There can be significant cost associated for medical care, equipment, and home health care giving for this disorder. It is important to become knowledgeable about your health plan coverage and programs for which you may be eligible. Recently, my love was succumbed to this neurodegenerative disorder and after being diagnosed, he lived several months thereafter. It is because of our experience with his illness and this disease that I wanted to be the voice that he left behind. â€Å"He fought a good fight and ALS finished his course†. It is my mission to assist with the fight by bringing awareness through advocacy for those living with Lou Gehrig’s disease and their families that they can live fuller lives by accessing the resources available to them. Just What Is ALS? ALS is an incurable degenerative neurological disorder. The nerve cells of the brain and spinal cord, which control voluntary muscle movement, deteriorate – the muscles waste away leading to paralysis and eventually lead to death. In 1941, national attention was brought to the United States when a baseball player struggled with the disease called amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or ALS, often called Lou Gehrig’s disease. Each year in the U.S., about 5,000 new cases are diagnosed each year. It is a rare disease and impact strikes those after the age of 40 and can affect more men than women. Lateral identifies the areas of the spinal cord where portions of the nerve cells that signals and control the muscles are located. As the area continues to degenerates, it can lead to both scarring and hardening (sclerosis) in the region. The progressive degeneration of the motor neurons in ALS can eventually lead to their demise. As the motor neurons die, the brain ability to initiate and control muscle movement is lost. You may lose the ability to speak, eat, move and breathe, and with ALS, the motor nerves affected are the motor neurons that provide our voluntary movements and muscle control. Forms of ALS There are three different types of ALS: Sporadic Familial Guamanian Sporadic is the most common form of the ALS disease and it affects between 90 and 95 percent of all the cases. Familial (FAL) means that the disease can be inherited and in these families, there are 50% chance that the offspring can inherit the genetic mutation and can develop the disease, and Guamanian is a high incidence of the ALS disorder that is observed in Guam and Trust Territories of the Pacific in the 1950’s. Causes of ALS ALS atrophy. Brain areas specifically affected in C9ORF72 cases (blue), in non-C9ORF72 cases (green), and all ALS cases (red). It has become clear that a number of defects can lead to motor neuron degeneration in ALS. In 2011, a researcher advance was made when scientists found that the defect in the C9orf72 gene is not only present in ALS patients but also in patients who suffer from a type of front temporal dementia (FTD). In searching for the cause of ALS scientists studies the role of environmental factors such as exposure to toxic or infections agents, as well as trauma or behavioral factors. Studies shows that during the 1991 war those deployed to the Gulf region were more likely to develop ALS compared to military personnel who were not in region. How is ALS treated? No cure has been found as of yet, but the Food Drug Administration (FDA) in 1995 approved the first drug treatment called Riluzole. Riluzole reduces the damage to the motor neurons by decreasing the release of glutamate. The clinical trials of ALS patients have shown that the drug Riluzole has prolonged their survival by months, mainly in the area of those who has difficulty in swallowing. Riluzole have extended the time before an individual has needed ventilation support. The drug has not reversed the damage done to motor neurons, and they must be monitored for damage to their lives and other side effects. However, this disease-specific therapy has offered hope that the progression of ALS maybe slowed with new medications of drugs. Other treatments for patients with ALS to improve the quality of life is best provided by a team of healthcare professionals such as physicians; pharmacists; physical, occupational, and speech therapists; social workers, home care, and hospice nurses. A physician prescribes the medication to ease fatigue while controlling spasticity, pharmacists monitor’s medication to avoid the risks of drug interactions. Physical therapy enhances their independence and help patients with their range of motion. The team of health professionals teaches ALS patients with the ability to help them speak louder and clearly. Nutritional support by a nutritionists helps them how to plan and prepare small meals that supply enough calories, fiber and how to avoid foods difficult to swallow. Intermittent positive pressure ventilation [IPPV] or bi-level positive airway pressure [BIPAP] is used to aid breathing during sleeping. The devices inflate their lungs from external sources when their muscles are no longer able to maintain normal oxygen and carbon dioxide levels the devices maybe used full time. The severity of ALS, the lack of effective treatments, and the progress in ALS research helps identify targets making it more tractable to develop therapies for ALS. ALS is linked to other neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson. Supporting People and Projects The ALS Association offers grants and awards to private industries and scientists to accelerate the developments of treatments and a cure for ALS disease. The Association administers, The Milton Safenowitz Post-Doctoral Fellowship for ALS Research, the only post-doctoral fellowship for ALS research, and the ALS Association’s Sheila Essay Award recognizes premier achievement in research of ALS disorders. ALS Association holds workshops each year, which brings together scientist researching ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases. All of the Association staff holds leadership positions on a national and international organization to assist with unlocking the mysteries of Amyotrophic Laterals Sclerosis (ALS). Public Policy Public efforts in Washington, D.C. has raised the profile of ALS in the White House, members of Congress, federal agencies, Centers for Medicare Medicaid (CMS), and including the National Institutes of Health. One of the signature accomplishments of the Public Policy Department is by eliminating the 24 months waiting period for those disabled with ALS and had to wait before they could begin receiving Medicare benefits. ALS is one of two diseases where the waiting period does not apply, and the waiver for ALS is the only change Congress made to the waiting period since it first began. Through public outreach, social media and the internet, The Association will continually raise awareness about ALS and the search for a cure. References Koroshetz, W. (June 2013). Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Fact Sheet. NINDS, (No. 13-916). Retrieved from http://www.ninds.nih.gov.com Madsen, A. (2010, March 29). The National Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Registry. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov.al.com Madsen, A. (2012, February 14). Lou Gehrig’s disease Info. Retrieved from http://www.diseaseinfosearch.org/LouGehrig.com ALS Association (2010). Retrieved from http://www.alsa.org/ Project ALS (2012). Retrieved from http://www.projectals.org/ Image courtesy of Bede P. Bokde A.L., Byrne S. Elamin M. McLaughlin R.L., Kenna K. Fagan A.J., Pender N. Bradley D.G., Hardiman O. Multiparametric MRI study of ALS stratified for the C9orf72 genotype. Neurology. 81 (published online ahead of print) p.4.

Aristophanes Assemlywomen and Lysistrata Essay -- Athenian Athens Gen

Aristophanes' Assemlywomen and Lysistrata Typically in Athenian society, women took care of the things in the household while men, although still retaining the final say over matters of the household, focused most of their attention on the world outside the home. In the plays Assemblywomen and Lysistrata, Aristophanes explores roles of men and women in society, specifically what would happen if women were to take on the roles of men. Looking at these two plays about Athenian society as metaphors for marital life, it shows that men and women were incapable of having balanced power in their relationships. In both of these plays, the men were unable to keep their own sense of power when the women took over politics, and they eventually moved into the submissive role of women. In Lysistrata, the women used their seduction to gain power. Similarly, in Assemblywomen, the women came into power through deception and clever planning. This paper explores why women rarely stepped up to take power; how they would gain power when they would step up to claim it; and how the men would respond once confronted with a woman in power. This all serves to show that in Athens, a marriage of man and woman could not exist with mutuality of power – rather, one (typically the man) would dominate, while the other (typically the woman) took the submissive role. Throughout both Lysistrata and Assemblywomen, both the men and women were convinced, to varying degrees, that the women were incapable of handling any kind of authority or challenging task. In fact, only the dominant, leader women (Lysistrata and Praxagora) of the two plays had enough confidence to handle a position of power. These women have been brought up i... ...brought this power imbalance to the open, however, by exploring what would happen if women took the initiative to claim the dominant rold in society. The women, when able to successfully overcome the men and take power in the city, left the men with no choice but to either fight to regain the power, as they attempted to do in Lysistrata, or succumb to the women’s plans, as they did in both Assemblywomen and, eventually, Lysistrata. In relinquishing their power to women, the men forfeited their masculinity and became stereotypically feminine while the women also forfeited their gender norms to stay in power. Athenian unions, therefore, subsisted on a constant inequality of power kept carefully balanced by each partner staying in their designated role in the marriage – the husband the strong moneymaker living outside of the house, the wife the submissive homemaker.

The Host Chapter 2: Overheard

The voices were soft and close and, though I was only now aware of them, apparently in the middle of a murmured conversation. â€Å"I'm afraid it's too much for her,† one said. The voice was soft but deep, male. â€Å"Too much for anyone. Such violence!† The tone spoke of revulsion. â€Å"She screamed only once,† said a higher, reedy, female voice, pointing this out with a hint of glee, as if she were winning an argument. â€Å"I know,† the man admitted. â€Å"She is very strong. Others have had much more trauma, with much less cause.† â€Å"I'm sure she'll be fine, just as I told you.† â€Å"Maybe you missed your Calling.† There was an edge to the man's voice. Sarcasm, my memory named it. â€Å"Perhaps you were meant to be a Healer, like me.† The woman made a sound of amusement. Laughter. â€Å"I doubt that. We Seekers prefer a different sort of diagnosis.† My body knew this word, this title:Seeker. It sent a shudder of fear down my spine. A leftover reaction. â€Å"I sometimes wonder if the infection of humanity touches those in your profession,† the man mused, his voice still sour with annoyance. â€Å"Violence is part of your life choice. Does enough of your body's native temperament linger to give you enjoyment of the horror?† I was surprised at his accusation, at his tone. This discussion was almost like an argument. Something my host was familiar with but that I'd never experienced. The woman was defensive. â€Å"We do not choose violence. We face it when we must. And it's a good thing for the rest of you that some of us are strong enough for the unpleasantness. Your peace would be shattered without our work.† â€Å"Once upon a time. Your vocation will soon be obsolete, I think.† â€Å"The error of that statement lies on the bed there.† â€Å"One human girl, alone and unarmed! Yes, quite a threat to our peace.† The woman breathed out heavily. A sigh. â€Å"But where did she come from? How did she appear in the middle of Chicago, a city long since civilized, hundreds of miles from any trace of rebel activity? Did she manage it alone?† She listed the questions without seeming to seek an answer, as if she had already voiced them many times. â€Å"That's your problem, not mine,† the man said. â€Å"My job is to help this soul adapt herself to her new host without unnecessary pain or trauma. And you are here to interfere with my job.† Still slowly surfacing, acclimating myself to this new world of senses, I understood only now that I was the subject of the conversation. I was the soul they spoke of. It was a new connotation to the word, a word that had meant many other things to my host. On every planet we took a different name.Soul. I suppose it was an apt description. The unseen force that guides the body. â€Å"The answers to my questions matter as much as your responsibilities to the soul.† â€Å"That's debatable.† There was the sound of movement, and her voice was suddenly a whisper. â€Å"When will she become responsive? The sedation must be about to wear off.† â€Å"When she's ready. Leave her be. She deserves to handle the situation however she finds most comfortable. Imagine the shock of her awakeninginside a rebel host injured to the point of death in the escape attempt! No one should have to endure such trauma in times of peace!† His voice rose with the increase of emotion. â€Å"She is strong.† The woman's tone was reassuring now. â€Å"See how well she did with the first memory, the worst memory. Whatever she expected, she handled this.† â€Å"Why should she have to?† the man muttered, but he didn't seem to expect an answer. â€Å"Needbeing your word. I would choose the termwant. â€Å" â€Å"Then someone must take on the unpleasantness,† she continued as if he had not interrupted. â€Å"And I think, from all I know of this one, she would accept the challenge if there had been any way to ask her. What do you call her?† The man didn't speak for a long moment. The woman waited. â€Å"Wanderer,† he finally and unwillingly answered. â€Å"Fitting,† she said. â€Å"I don't have any official statistics, but she has to be one of the very few, if not the only one, who has wandered so far. Yes,Wanderer will suit her well until she chooses a new name for herself.† He said nothing. â€Å"Of course, she may assume the host's name. We found no matches on record for the fingerprints or retinal scan. I can't tell you what that name was.† â€Å"She won't take the human name,† the man muttered. Her response was conciliatory. â€Å"Everyone finds comfort their own way.† â€Å"This Wanderer will need more comfort than most, thanks to your style of Seeking.† There were sharp soundsfootsteps, staccato against a hard floor. When she spoke again, the woman's voice was across the room from the man. â€Å"You would have reacted poorly to the early days of this occupation,† she said. â€Å"Perhaps you react poorly to peace.† The woman laughed, but the sound was falsethere was no real amusement. My mind seemed well adapted to inferring the true meanings from tones and inflections. â€Å"You do not have a clear perception of what my Calling entails. Long hours hunched over files and maps. Mostly desk work. Not very often the conflict or violence you seem to think it is.† â€Å"Ten days ago you were armed with killing weapons, running this body down.† â€Å"The exception, I assure you, not the rule. Do not forget, the weapons that disgust you are turned on our kind wherever we Seekers have not been vigilant enough. The humans kill us happily whenever they have the ability to do so. Those whose lives have been touched by the hostility see us as heroes.† â€Å"You speak as if a war were raging.† â€Å"To the remains of the human race, one is.† These words were strong in my ears. My body reacted to them; I felt my breathing speed, heard the â€Å"But one that even they must realize is long lost. They are outnumbered by what? A million to one? I imagine you would know.† â€Å"We estimate the odds are quite a bit higher in our favor,† she admitted grudgingly. The Healer appeared to be content to let his side of the disagreement rest with that information. It was quiet for a moment. I used the empty time to evaluate my situation. Much was obvious. I was in a Healing facility, recovering from an unusually traumatic insertion. I was sure the body that hosted me had been fully healed before it was given to me. A damaged host would have been disposed of. I considered the conflicting opinions of the Healer and the Seeker. According to the information I had been given before making the choice to come here, the Healer had the right of it. Hostilities with the few remaining pockets of humans were all but over. The planet called Earth was as peaceful and serene as it looked from space, invitingly green and blue, wreathed in its harmless white vapors. As was the way of the soul, harmony was universal now. The verbal dissension between the Healer and the Seeker was out of character. Strangely aggressive for our kind. It made me wonder. Could they be true, the whispered rumors that had undulated like waves through the thoughts of the of the I was distracted, trying to find the name for my last host species. We'd had a name, I knew that. But, no longer connected to that host, I could not remember the word. We'd used much simpler language than this, a silent language of thought that connected us all into one great mind. A necessary convenience when one was rooted forever into the wet black soil. I could describe that species in my new human language. We lived on the floor of the great ocean that covered the entire surface of our worlda world that had a name, too, but that was also gone. We each had a hundred arms and on each arm a thousand eyes, so that, with our thoughts connected, not one sight in the vast waters went unseen. There was no need for sound, so there was no way to hear it. We tasted the waters, and, with our sight, that told us all we needed to know. We tasted the suns, so many leagues above the water, and turned their taste into the food we needed. I could describe us, but I could not name us. I sighed for the lost knowledge, and then returned my ponderings to what I'd overheard. Souls did not, as a rule, speak anything but the truth. Seekers, of course, had the requirements of their Calling, but between souls there was never reason for a lie. With my last species' language of thought, it would have been impossible to lie, even had we wanted to. However, anchored as we were, we told ourselves stories to alleviate the boredom. Storytelling was the most honored of all talents, for it benefited everyone. Sometimes, fact mixed with fiction so thoroughly that, though no lies were told, it was hard to remember what was strictly true. But there were whispers of this: of human hosts so strong that the souls were forced to abandon them. Hosts whose minds could not be completely suppressed. Souls who took on the personality of the body, rather than the other way around. Stories. Wild rumors. Madness. But that seemed almost to be the Healer's accusation. I dismissed the thought. The more likely meaning of his censure was the distaste most of us felt for the Seeker's Calling. Who would choose a life of conflict and pursuit? Who would be attracted to the chore of tracking down unwilling hosts and capturing them? Who would have the stomach to face the violence of this particular species, the hostile humans who killed so easily, so thoughtlessly? Here, on this planet, the Seekers had become practically a militiamy new brain supplied the term for the unfamiliar concept. Most believed that only the least civilized souls, the least evolved, the lesser among us, would be drawn to the path of Seeker. Still, on Earth the Seekers had gained new status. Never before had an occupation gone so awry. Never before had it turned into a fierce and bloody battle. Never before had the lives of so many souls been sacrificed. The Seekers stood as a mighty shield, and the souls of this world were thrice-over indebted to them: for the safety they had carved out of the mayhem, for the risk of the final death that they faced willingly every day, and for the new bodies they continued to provide. Now that the danger was virtually past, it appeared the gratitude was fading. And, for this Seeker at least, the change was not a pleasant one. It was easy to imagine what her questions for me would be. Though the Healer was trying to buy me time to adjust to my new body, I knew I would do my best to help the Seeker. Good citizenship was quintessential to every soul. So I took a deep breath to prepare myself. The monitor registered the movement. I knew I was stalling a bit. I hated to admit it, but I was afraid. To get the information the Seeker needed, I would have to explore the violent memories that had made me scream in horror. More than that, I was afraid of the voice I'd heard so loudly in my head. But she was silent now, as was right. She was just a memory, too. I should not have been afraid. After all, I was called Wanderer now. And I'd earned the name. With another deep breath, I delved into the memories that frightened me, faced them head-on with my teeth locked together. I could skip past the endit didn't overwhelm me now. In fast-forward, I ran through the dark again, wincing, trying not to feel. It was over quickly. Once I was through that barrier, it wasn't hard to float through less-alarming things and places, skimming for the information I wanted. I saw how she'd come to this cold city, driving by night in a stolen car chosen for its nondescript appearance. She'd walked through the streets of Chicago in darkness, shivering beneath her coat. The words came slower and slower, and at first I did not understand why. Was this forgotten? Lost in the trauma of an almost death? Was I still sluggish from unconsciousness? I struggled to think clearly. This sensation was unfamiliar. Was my body still sedated? I felt alert enough, but my mind labored unsuccessfully for the answers I wanted. I tried another avenue of searching, hoping for clearer responses. What was her goal? She would find SharonI fished out the nameand they would I hit a wall. It was a blank, a nothing. I tried to circle around it, but I couldn't find the edges of the void. It was as if the information I sought had been erased. As if this brain had been damaged. Anger flashed through me, hot and wild. I gasped in surprise at the unexpected reaction. I'd heard of the emotional instability of these human bodies, but this was beyond my ability to anticipate. In eight full lives, I'd never had an emotion touch me with such force. I felt the blood pulse through my neck, pounding behind my ears. My hands tightened into fists. The machines beside me reported the acceleration of my heartbeats. There was a reaction in the room: the sharp tap of the Seeker's shoes approached me, mingled with a quieter shuffle that must have been the Healer. â€Å"Welcome to Earth, Wanderer,† the female voice said.

Beauty Pageants

Did beauty pageants go a bit too far? According to Oxford, beauty pageants are public entertainment contests of a procession of people in elaborate, colorful costumes, or an outdoor performance of a historical scene; however, child beauty pageants according to Wikipedia child beauty pageants are beauty contests that feature contestants up to 18 years of age; however, Competition categories may include interviews, talents, swim wear, casual wear, western wear, theme wear, etc.Contingent on the type of pageant system competitors may be seen with elaborate hairstyles, or wearing makeup as well as and custom designed, fitted outfits to fit their act on stage. There are a lot cons and pros to participating in beauty pageants. The most effected by such pageants are children, who are mostly hopeless and do not have a say in such things. In this essay I will be discussing how child beauty pageants are harmful to members psychological healthiness, developing superficial values that would dist ract from family relations and mess-up the natural progression of infantile or childhood, and promote a degrading prospect of women.The negative outcome of these pageants on the health of our children is becoming very scary and concerning. To begun with, beauty Pageants tend to cause psychological issues that may appear as sicknesses later on in their life, and members grow up in a mood where they absorb fake, damaged values. Such Pageants, effect children, especially girls in a very harmful way leading to anxiety, Paranoia, low self esteem, feelings of inferiority , bulimia, depression ,anorexia ,etc. Nevertheless, these are just the early effects of competition on young girls.The worst part is that those little innocent girls or boys are stuck in between two horrible extremes, which are the two feelings of wining, or losing. Experiencing such feelings at a young age is definitely unhealthy for children. â€Å"This study evaluated the association between childhood beauty pageants and adult disordered eating, body dissatisfaction, depression, and self-esteem. Eleven women who participated in childhood beauty pageants were matched on age and BMI with 11 non-participating women.Childhood pageant participants scored higher on body dissatisfaction, interpersonal distrust, and impulse dysregulation than non-participants, and showed a trend toward greater ineffectiveness. There were no significant differences between groups on measures of bulimia, body perception, depression, and self-esteem. These findings suggest childhood beauty pageant participation may influence adult body dissatisfaction, interpersonal distrust, and impulse dysregulation, but not bulimic behaviors, body perception, depression, and self-esteem† (Gold, Eating Disorders).Secondly, childhood is a precious moment of a person’s life that should be churched and lived to its fullest; nonetheless, these beauty pageants cause Little girls to start developing superficial values such as the importunacy of looks over everything, conformity to the sick society, growing radical measures looks and wanting to be perfect, and lastly trying to fit the ideal. All those superficial values lead to producing, superficial women that will raise a generation under poisoned values.Beauty pageants teach little girls that in order to succeed in life it is acceptable to be two-faced and shallow. Conversely, media also helps in convincing little girls to be dependent on others' opinions and decisions for themselves, which is considered a big negative vibe. â€Å"Author's abstract: Child beauty pageants are a phenomenon in rural communities throughout Georgia. My belief is that most of those who compete in these pageants are from the lower socio-economic bracket, participating for a multitude of reasons.A bricolage of post-structural feminism, critical ethnography, critical hermeneutics and cultural studies lenses will analyze how the performances of participants and the power exercised by the beauty pageant culture work to formulate girls' identities. Analysis will also include how power operates to perpetuate this subculture and its right to dictate norms for beauty and acceptance and will be situated in the culture of girlhood. Examination of what is depicted in popular culture through videos, documentaries, and television shows will also occur.I suggest that the rural beauty pageant culture does work to create girlhood identity and a way in which the participants view the world and themselves. In fact, I believe that the rural beauty pageant culture does intricate cultural work in terms of gender and class† (Thompson, Reynolds, Trailer park royalty). Superficial values can distract from many important things such as family life, which is a very important component in the raising of each child. Messing up the natural progression of childhood can have unpleasant consequences that can lead to bigger issues.Lastly, Children are innocent creatures that should live their childhood without the interference of media, and sick minded people. The sexualisation and Materialization of these young girls is highly wrong, and also leads to degrading the female gender, and lastly places them in danger of being sexually harassed. Taking advantage of such innocent creatures is highly immoral, and should be punished for. Beauty pageants opened the doors for sexual harassers, by allowing little girls to do sexual routines or to wear sexual outfits.The issue of sexualizing children is a dominant issue that seams to be pushed and encouraged by the media: â€Å"stealing away a child's innocence by portraying her in the suggestive pose of a sexualized nymphet †¦ when her sense of self-worth is defined largely through a notion of beauty that is †¦ such relations is that the identities of the young girls who enter the pageants become meaningful† (Giroux, Stealing innocence). Media and beauty pageants Degrades the image of both women and girl s around the world, therefor each and every one of us should act against such things that put us, and the next generations in danger . Beauty Pageants Children's beauty pageants have been around for a long time. Toddlers and Tiaras is a show, based on mothers living their dream lives through their children. The mothers dress their young girls as if they are grown models. My out look on the whole situation is that little 5 year old girls, should not be competing in beauty pagents. Fake teeth, tans, eye lashes, and hair make these children look as though they are in their teens. No child should have to compete in looking â€Å"beautiful† or â€Å"the best†. Children their ages should be happy and not care what people think.Most children in their age groups are playing outside, not caring what their hair and makeup looks like. They are little girls, not teenagers. The parents of these little girls expect more from these children then they should. The outer beauty of these girls, seems more important than inner. I don't agree with the way these children are being raised, but it's the parents who choose to do this to their children. As for these children, as they grow up they will be held high above everyone and will not understand what it's like to work for things.One of the arguments against children's beauty pageants has to do with pedophilia and that this may encourage that. What I'm most concerned about is the message that it sends to girls and the unhealthy relationships that it perpetuates between parent and child. The worst part of the whole situation is that the children are going on stage dancing provocatively and â€Å"flirting† with the judges. As young as these children are they should not even know how to dance or â€Å"flirt† like they do. While I don't believe that it encourages pedophilia, it certainly will give that child a warped sense of the importance of female sexuality.Throughout the show there are many pageants distributed, but the ones that I've seen on the shows are the â€Å"Glitz† pageants. During the â€Å"Glitz† pageants the girls are expected to have spray tans, pounds of makeup, flippers; fake teeth, and fake hair. Its one thing to apply some lip gloss and a few hot rollers. It's another to make a 5 year old resemble a Vegas show girl. If there is going to be a pageant for children that involves beauty, at least it should involve the child's natural beauty and features.One of the arguments for pageants is that it promotes self confidence and that the children have fun doing it. As this may be true, the children are being taught at a very young age that it is okay to dress, dance and act inappropriate to get attention. The only thing these pageants are teaching children is that wearing pounds of makeup, and looking like a Barbie doll, is okay. As these children grow, they will hold themselves above everyone, and will expect everyone to treat them as if they are perfect. Beauty Pageants Did beauty pageants go a bit too far? According to Oxford, beauty pageants are public entertainment contests of a procession of people in elaborate, colorful costumes, or an outdoor performance of a historical scene; however, child beauty pageants according to Wikipedia child beauty pageants are beauty contests that feature contestants up to 18 years of age; however, Competition categories may include interviews, talents, swim wear, casual wear, western wear, theme wear, etc.Contingent on the type of pageant system competitors may be seen with elaborate hairstyles, or wearing makeup as well as and custom designed, fitted outfits to fit their act on stage. There are a lot cons and pros to participating in beauty pageants. The most effected by such pageants are children, who are mostly hopeless and do not have a say in such things. In this essay I will be discussing how child beauty pageants are harmful to members psychological healthiness, developing superficial values that would dist ract from family relations and mess-up the natural progression of infantile or childhood, and promote a degrading prospect of women.The negative outcome of these pageants on the health of our children is becoming very scary and concerning. To begun with, beauty Pageants tend to cause psychological issues that may appear as sicknesses later on in their life, and members grow up in a mood where they absorb fake, damaged values. Such Pageants, effect children, especially girls in a very harmful way leading to anxiety, Paranoia, low self esteem, feelings of inferiority , bulimia, depression ,anorexia ,etc. Nevertheless, these are just the early effects of competition on young girls.The worst part is that those little innocent girls or boys are stuck in between two horrible extremes, which are the two feelings of wining, or losing. Experiencing such feelings at a young age is definitely unhealthy for children. â€Å"This study evaluated the association between childhood beauty pageants and adult disordered eating, body dissatisfaction, depression, and self-esteem. Eleven women who participated in childhood beauty pageants were matched on age and BMI with 11 non-participating women.Childhood pageant participants scored higher on body dissatisfaction, interpersonal distrust, and impulse dysregulation than non-participants, and showed a trend toward greater ineffectiveness. There were no significant differences between groups on measures of bulimia, body perception, depression, and self-esteem. These findings suggest childhood beauty pageant participation may influence adult body dissatisfaction, interpersonal distrust, and impulse dysregulation, but not bulimic behaviors, body perception, depression, and self-esteem† (Gold, Eating Disorders).Secondly, childhood is a precious moment of a person’s life that should be churched and lived to its fullest; nonetheless, these beauty pageants cause Little girls to start developing superficial values such as the importunacy of looks over everything, conformity to the sick society, growing radical measures looks and wanting to be perfect, and lastly trying to fit the ideal. All those superficial values lead to producing, superficial women that will raise a generation under poisoned values.Beauty pageants teach little girls that in order to succeed in life it is acceptable to be two-faced and shallow. Conversely, media also helps in convincing little girls to be dependent on others' opinions and decisions for themselves, which is considered a big negative vibe. â€Å"Author's abstract: Child beauty pageants are a phenomenon in rural communities throughout Georgia. My belief is that most of those who compete in these pageants are from the lower socio-economic bracket, participating for a multitude of reasons.A bricolage of post-structural feminism, critical ethnography, critical hermeneutics and cultural studies lenses will analyze how the performances of participants and the power exercised by the beauty pageant culture work to formulate girls' identities. Analysis will also include how power operates to perpetuate this subculture and its right to dictate norms for beauty and acceptance and will be situated in the culture of girlhood. Examination of what is depicted in popular culture through videos, documentaries, and television shows will also occur.I suggest that the rural beauty pageant culture does work to create girlhood identity and a way in which the participants view the world and themselves. In fact, I believe that the rural beauty pageant culture does intricate cultural work in terms of gender and class† (Thompson, Reynolds, Trailer park royalty). Superficial values can distract from many important things such as family life, which is a very important component in the raising of each child. Messing up the natural progression of childhood can have unpleasant consequences that can lead to bigger issues.Lastly, Children are innocent creatures that should live their childhood without the interference of media, and sick minded people. The sexualisation and Materialization of these young girls is highly wrong, and also leads to degrading the female gender, and lastly places them in danger of being sexually harassed. Taking advantage of such innocent creatures is highly immoral, and should be punished for. Beauty pageants opened the doors for sexual harassers, by allowing little girls to do sexual routines or to wear sexual outfits.The issue of sexualizing children is a dominant issue that seams to be pushed and encouraged by the media: â€Å"stealing away a child's innocence by portraying her in the suggestive pose of a sexualized nymphet †¦ when her sense of self-worth is defined largely through a notion of beauty that is †¦ such relations is that the identities of the young girls who enter the pageants become meaningful† (Giroux, Stealing innocence). Media and beauty pageants Degrades the image of both women and girl s around the world, therefor each and every one of us should act against such things that put us, and the next generations in danger . Beauty Pageants Did beauty pageants go a bit too far? According to Oxford, beauty pageants are public entertainment contests of a procession of people in elaborate, colorful costumes, or an outdoor performance of a historical scene; however, child beauty pageants according to Wikipedia child beauty pageants are beauty contests that feature contestants up to 18 years of age; however, Competition categories may include interviews, talents, swim wear, casual wear, western wear, theme wear, etc.Contingent on the type of pageant system competitors may be seen with elaborate hairstyles, or wearing makeup as well as and custom designed, fitted outfits to fit their act on stage. There are a lot cons and pros to participating in beauty pageants. The most effected by such pageants are children, who are mostly hopeless and do not have a say in such things. In this essay I will be discussing how child beauty pageants are harmful to members psychological healthiness, developing superficial values that would dist ract from family relations and mess-up the natural progression of infantile or childhood, and promote a degrading prospect of women.The negative outcome of these pageants on the health of our children is becoming very scary and concerning. To begun with, beauty Pageants tend to cause psychological issues that may appear as sicknesses later on in their life, and members grow up in a mood where they absorb fake, damaged values. Such Pageants, effect children, especially girls in a very harmful way leading to anxiety, Paranoia, low self esteem, feelings of inferiority , bulimia, depression ,anorexia ,etc. Nevertheless, these are just the early effects of competition on young girls.The worst part is that those little innocent girls or boys are stuck in between two horrible extremes, which are the two feelings of wining, or losing. Experiencing such feelings at a young age is definitely unhealthy for children. â€Å"This study evaluated the association between childhood beauty pageants and adult disordered eating, body dissatisfaction, depression, and self-esteem. Eleven women who participated in childhood beauty pageants were matched on age and BMI with 11 non-participating women.Childhood pageant participants scored higher on body dissatisfaction, interpersonal distrust, and impulse dysregulation than non-participants, and showed a trend toward greater ineffectiveness. There were no significant differences between groups on measures of bulimia, body perception, depression, and self-esteem. These findings suggest childhood beauty pageant participation may influence adult body dissatisfaction, interpersonal distrust, and impulse dysregulation, but not bulimic behaviors, body perception, depression, and self-esteem† (Gold, Eating Disorders).Secondly, childhood is a precious moment of a person’s life that should be churched and lived to its fullest; nonetheless, these beauty pageants cause Little girls to start developing superficial values such as the importunacy of looks over everything, conformity to the sick society, growing radical measures looks and wanting to be perfect, and lastly trying to fit the ideal. All those superficial values lead to producing, superficial women that will raise a generation under poisoned values.Beauty pageants teach little girls that in order to succeed in life it is acceptable to be two-faced and shallow. Conversely, media also helps in convincing little girls to be dependent on others' opinions and decisions for themselves, which is considered a big negative vibe. â€Å"Author's abstract: Child beauty pageants are a phenomenon in rural communities throughout Georgia. My belief is that most of those who compete in these pageants are from the lower socio-economic bracket, participating for a multitude of reasons.A bricolage of post-structural feminism, critical ethnography, critical hermeneutics and cultural studies lenses will analyze how the performances of participants and the power exercised by the beauty pageant culture work to formulate girls' identities. Analysis will also include how power operates to perpetuate this subculture and its right to dictate norms for beauty and acceptance and will be situated in the culture of girlhood. Examination of what is depicted in popular culture through videos, documentaries, and television shows will also occur.I suggest that the rural beauty pageant culture does work to create girlhood identity and a way in which the participants view the world and themselves. In fact, I believe that the rural beauty pageant culture does intricate cultural work in terms of gender and class† (Thompson, Reynolds, Trailer park royalty). Superficial values can distract from many important things such as family life, which is a very important component in the raising of each child. Messing up the natural progression of childhood can have unpleasant consequences that can lead to bigger issues.Lastly, Children are innocent creatures that should live their childhood without the interference of media, and sick minded people. The sexualisation and Materialization of these young girls is highly wrong, and also leads to degrading the female gender, and lastly places them in danger of being sexually harassed. Taking advantage of such innocent creatures is highly immoral, and should be punished for. Beauty pageants opened the doors for sexual harassers, by allowing little girls to do sexual routines or to wear sexual outfits.The issue of sexualizing children is a dominant issue that seams to be pushed and encouraged by the media: â€Å"stealing away a child's innocence by portraying her in the suggestive pose of a sexualized nymphet †¦ when her sense of self-worth is defined largely through a notion of beauty that is †¦ such relations is that the identities of the young girls who enter the pageants become meaningful† (Giroux, Stealing innocence). Media and beauty pageants Degrades the image of both women and girl s around the world, therefor each and every one of us should act against such things that put us, and the next generations in danger .