How is Crooks Depicted in Of Mice and Men? Essay

We see that Crooks falls into the lower, working class category. We know this because the people on the ranch look down on him because he is black and hasn’t got as many rights as the white men in the working class. We think that Steinbeck tries to show that it he is in the lower class by showing the segregation and discrimination put upon Crooks. He had shown that it was normal to be racist in the 1930’s because when the men called Crooks a nigger, they didn’t mean to hurt Crooks by it. As everyone is racist, others think its normal to discriminate and racially abuse Crooks and think nothing of it. The effect on the reader is that it shocks them to see the men using the word nigger and having no effect on the other men on the ranch by saying it. This is because nowadays, it is unlawful to discriminate against colour or race so if the word nigger is used to discriminate today, many people will feel disgraced. Today we think that Crooks would fall into the higher working class as he is polite, friendly, hardworking and old, Disregarding his colour as today the colour of someone’s skin doesn’t make a difference. Crook’s class is evident as he is segregated From the white men by living in the barn and doesn’t socialise with them because of the jim crow laws limiting the social rights of the black people. Another reason for why Crooks isnt allowed to socialise is because of the KKK who would attack anyone who associated with Crooks so people were to scared to do that. He is treated like a pet because he has less possessions than his owner (boss. ) he has a bed which is a box of straw. Also his name is discriminating him once again by judging his appearance and drawing attention to his disability. We think that if the Jim Crow laws didn’t exist, Crooks would have been able to break the barrier between some of the white men who were interested in making friends and loaning for some company. However, we think that even if Jim Crow laws didn’t exist, some men would still be treated differently. An example is Lennie, Candy and Curley’s wife. We think that Steinbeck is interested in opening the doors to the different segments of society in the 1930’s. He intends to show how black people were severely segregated and separate so that Crooks’ ability to socialise with the white men was prevented.

Purpose of an Operating System

CPU and memory requirements are the most glaring but even hard rive partition size and what kind of disc drive present matters. Within the generations of Windows there is a long list of features that separate them. Windows XP was introduced with personalized start menu options per user using the PC. XP was the first Windows SO to self-adjust the task spacing as the user opened more programs. Windows Vista introduced Area, Sidebar, and Gadgets in an effort to enhance the users experience but also to make it easier to interact with the main system through the mini-application based Gadgets.Simple services like displaying pictures, turning wireless on or off, ND music playback were available that prior to Vista required a running program. Windows 7 further enhances the user experience with modification to Windows explorer and how it organizes the files and folders in an easier to use format. The use of Libraries enables the SO to index files by content and therefore able to group in a w ay where the user is able to locate a file even if the file is saved in an unrelated folder. The second largest of the major ASS is used exclusively by Apple.Mac SO is a proprietary system that has a very strict requirement for what hardware will work with the system. Despite the hardware limitations to only Intel Cups and approved motherboards, it remains a huge favorite to certain groups of users like multimedia designers, graphic artists, and music producers. One potential reason for this is because Apple was the first to utilize a simple a graphical user interface (GU') therefore making it easier to use the system instead of driven by often hard to use and complex DOS commands.With later versions of Mac like SO X, various technologies, such as Anti-Aliasing and Colors are used to dramatically improve the user interface. Another difference is that a user can pen PC files like . Doc and . AXIS within Mac without problem, while Windows requires conversion software to open Mac files . By doing this, Apple has in effect broken down many important barriers while the average PC user has resisted in adopting a Mac over a PC. Despite some advantages, Mac usage is low, roughly 10% or lower of the entire computer market in the U.S. The smallest market share among the ASS belongs to Linux. Users have been slow to adopt it since its inception in October of 1991 by Lines Dorval. Despite little use by average users, there exists many a version or distributions which ghastly dominate the area of computers known as servers, main frames, and super computers. Linux is also the system of choice on much smaller devices like phones and tablets. What makes Linux exciting to use for some is also what keeps most users away; Linux has splintered to over 300 variations.Most are specialized for the devices which it is meant to be installed on, but even for use for the mass market of users there are still four major variations such as Bunt, Use, Red Hat, and Knops. Common trait within Linux is that it has a very small footprint compared to larger ASS like Windows. For computer enthusiasts, one can run a distribution of Linux on hardware that is otherwise vastly outdated or run alongside Windows on the same computer.Another advantage of Linux is the well-established and openly accessible documentation on the commands but also how to configure the System best for the user or the use of the SO as well as how to troubleshoot issues. For software hobbyists and professionals this means that they can basically tailor the system to their needs and cut the dependence on what Microsoft or Apple may offer. Because of the open source nature of the SO, they can both upload fixes and receive enhancements from other users and the committees that oversee Linen's development.Despite the differences between operating systems a common thread among them is that they help shape the user experience of a computer. By doing so it enhances our desire to continue using computers and their many benefits. Without development of operating systems things such as modern day networks or communications wouldn't be possible. Since new technologies are constantly bringing us new and better hardware, it's the operating system and its development that will continue to encourage the user to ultimately enjoy the device.

Capacity Strategy at Alden Products

Capacity strategy should embody a mental model of how a firm works in a given industry and geographic region. There are a series of assumptions and predictions about the log-term behaviour of markets, technologies, costs and competitor’s behaviour. Such a model would include the following factors: * Predicted growth and variability of demand for the firm’s products and services * Costs of building and operating different sized-facilities * Likely rate and direction of technological evolution Expected behaviour of competitors * Anticipated availability, capabilities and costs of external suppliers The European organization of Alden Products, Inc. is contemplating a doubling of unit sales over the next ten years. Their largest plant, located in Holland, was set up 25 years earlier to supply all demands of the EEC countries on the continent. It has since expanded six times. The question in mind pertaining to the case is that: * Should it expand again? * Should it build a new plant in Southern Europe? Or should it expand its use of contract fillers? As of 1988, 75% of Alden-Europe’s sales took place on the continent and 25% came from UK. Out of 75% of the continent, * 25% came from France, * 12. 5% came from Italy, * 37. 5% came from Spain and Germany Alden-Europe’s overall growth was expected to average over 40% per year but this varied across various countries. Thus, there was a high degree of uncertainty about the growth rate in several countries. The capacity strategy adopted by API was Policy C: Add Capacity Only after Demand Exceeds It. This policy implies that the company’s capacity plan will contain a negative cushion so that the likelihood of running short is greater than the likelihood of having excess capacity. As per my analysis of the scenario, I feel that API should expand at Uniplant based upon the following factors: How capacity and operations management will interact in case of expansion? An operation’s actual capacity is affected by some important factors. They are as follows: 1. Capacity is technology based: A number of Uniplant’s products used proprietary formulations and ingredients. Opening up a plant in new location would make the management get reluctant to risk the secrecy of these formulations. The same would be applicable if they would go ahead with contract fillers. 2. Capacity depends on the interaction of multiple resource constraints: Uniplant attains the following advantage over Southern Europe in matters like: * No additional land needed * Availability of labour * Fewer additional employees * Cost Advantage in terms of production of own plastic bottles Availability and long-term relationship with suppliers * Speed up the processing time . Capacity is location specific: Holland is a desirable place in terms of access to raw materials, proximity to markets via existing rail lines and highways, labour costs, tax rates and political and social stability. 4. Capacity is mix dependent: The capacity of the plant which was under 90% was greatly dependent on the production mix which included both the product mix and size mix. Different products/services consume different amounts of various resources, so a change in location could affect the product mix as the availability of the various resources could also differ. Capacity depends on management policies: The management was clear about the fact the product quality should be clearly distinguishable as superior to the competition in terms of performance, packaging and design finish. Hence by subcontracting, the company would increase the risk of reduction in quality and customer service and increase in indirect costs. 6. Capacity is affected by the degree of variability of demand: Sales in different countries were expected to grow at different rates. There were also changes predicted to occur in wage and exchange rates. Hence, an increase in the number of plants would just complicate the entire issue. In terms of sizing of capacity increments taking into account scale considerations, the company should attain long term economies of scale. This scale refers to the economies that arise from using one large facility rather than a number of smaller ones. This often results in savings because the processing capacity is roughly proportional to its interior volume and its cost is more closely related to the surface area in terms of where the materials and labour hours are concentrated. We also know that though there is a growth in demand, variability exists across different countries. Greater the variability, there are chances that there would be a greater amount of underutilized capacity and at this stage opening a new plant in a different location altogether could make the entire scenario vulnerable. Drawbacks of not opening a new plant in Southern Europe are as follows: * Loose an opportunity to tap a lower cost labour market * Reduction in transportation costs had a new plant come up in Southern Europe * Would not be able to offset the protectionist sentiment in both France and Italy. Thus we see that by adopting the option of expansion at Uniplant, the company would be in a better state as compared to the other options. However a few recommendations in terms of changes to be mad in the expansion plan are provided below: Uniplant’s mark-up price should be reduced from 10% to 5% initially and then become nil in mere future. This would increase the number of sales from the customer point of view and would also help other countries to price their products competitively even during times when there is any kind of fluctuation in exchange rates. They should equalize the unit transportation costs to all subsidiaries which would make the entire process less complex and fair. This would help in maintaining long term relationships with them. Standardized products could be subcontracted but products involving high-technology shouldn’t be under contract filling as this could increase the risk of quality deterioration and increase in indirect costs.

Globalization Effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Globalization Effect - Essay Example Factors such as advanced technological changes and the evolution of advanced communication methods have informed the way modern day students think, learn and interact. The Australian education structure has not been left behind in the globalization process. It is for this reason that its education system is informed by changes in the society and promoted by top quality teaching, which is encouraged by critical thinking and compound global perspectives. This education system also seeks to expand students’ capacity to be vital consumers of information from the media, analyze information, develop arguments, tackle unfairness; grow compassion for others, and arbitrate conflicts (Bliss, 2003, p 3). The first part of this paper will therefore seek to examine the concept of globalization in light of the Australian education system and seek to analyze the extent to which globalization has affected the Australian education system. This will focus on technologies and mechanisms that hav e been introduced in the Australian education system. The second part of this paper will in part be addressed the impact of globalization on Australian education based on sociology and will thus lay emphasis on the impact of globalization on the interaction of students in the Australian education centers. ... Australian students have thus developed their own perception and have used this perception to interpret and judge the behavior, lifestyle and standard of other people. To overcome this problem, the students are encouraged to reflect on how human perspectives are shaped by gender, age, creed, ethnicity, culture, class, geographical location, language, nationality, race and ideology. The challenge is therefore for the teachers to encourage students to appreciate the limitations of the perspectives they have developed, and challenge each other’s assumptions by promoting differing views that inject new ideas and perceptions of the world. This kind of thinking is known to encourage pluralist views, thereby enabling students to appreciate and respect beliefs, values and customs that are different from their own. This highly radical Australian global education seeks to prepare Australian students to live in this highly globalized world by acquiring a succinct understanding of a rapid ly shifting cultural, environmental, economic, technological and global trend. The Australian global education seeks to support this assertion that the globalization theory and the globalization practice are linked with one another. This is because such a global education instills principles and values that enable the students to become better citizens of the universe. Most of this global educational change in Australia has been occasioned by rapid technological and multicultural changes that have revolutionized the global education systems. The technological improvements have made learning much easier and informed a rapid exchange of ideas and information. These advanced technologies have now been

Ethical Issue. Organ donation Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethical Issue. Organ donation - Term Paper Example Often, brain dead individuals who are still breathing and whose hearts have not yet stopped beating are deemed as dead and their organs are retrieved with the consent of their closest relatives. The question here is – how can a person be defined as dead? And whether relatives who are grieving the death of a loved one be allowed to go through the harassing and mentally painful proceedings of donating the organs of their loved one while he/she is still at the death bed? Even more remorseful is the situation wherein the organs of a dead individual are removed prior to sending the body to his/her home for a funeral. Most countries around the world have laws that presume that an individual is ready to donate organs upon death, unless he/she registers against donation, beforehand. This law is in force in many European and Asian countries such as Spain and Singapore, due to which the rates of organ donation are very high in these countries (Abouna 56). In case of living individuals, there are other causes of concern. It is often seen that family members coerce a healthy individual, whose organ matches that of a needy relative, into donating an organ against his/her wish. Although most countries have banned forced organ donation and coercion, familial pressure and emotional blackmail lead most individuals into doing so, reluctantly. In another scenario, economically backward individuals sell their organs for money. This brings forth another cause of concern as rich individuals in need of organs can easily exploit the poor. Organ donation is thus a huge problem and the issues are not just ethical but also economical, political and social. Donation by living persons falls in three categories – Directed donation to a relative, Directed donation to a stranger and Non-directed donation in which an organ is donated to a general pool and transplanted to a needy individual on top of the waiting list (Truog 444). Each of these donations has its own

Read the Dunkin Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Read the Dunkin Case - Essay Example While the Dunkin’ Donut retail stores continue to expand, the Starbucks stores are closing by the hundreds. In the past Dunkin’ Donuts target markets where focused primarily in the Eastern part of the U.S. with little presence in the West. Starbucks already has a somewhat of a uniform distribution across the country which will constrain their growth as Dunkin’ Donuts expands into the West into untapped regions. Dunkin’ Donuts market strategy is different in that they are targeting a group of no frills, cost-conscious coffee drinkers. At Starbucks, there is a market segment that is willing to pay a premium for drinks like the ‘skinny half-caf soy caramel Macchiato’. While the market segment at Dunkin’ Donuts is focused at those who just want a consistent, well tasting, old fashioned brew of coffee that doesn’t exceed more than $3. (Mitchell, Dan). From the previously aforementioned statements, one can see how Starbucks marketing s trategy has always focused as much on the overall store experience as they have the product itself. With free Wi-Fi provided by ATT&T and a recent partnership with HP to provide music downloads in the store, Starbucks has positioned their efforts towards creating an upscale informal coffee shop and social experience. (DiCarlo, Lisa).

Issues That Lead to the Recession Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Issues That Lead to the Recession - Term Paper Example What are the correct investments in a recession and the revised policies and procedures put into operation by the government to combat recession. Thirdly, this report will discuss the impact of the recession and the lessons learnt from it. Definition of Recession â€Å"The NBER does not define a recession in terms of two consecutive quarters of decline in real GDP. Rather, a recession is a significant decline in economic activity spread across the economy, lasting more than a few months, normally visible in real GDP, real income, employment, industrial production, and wholesale-retail sales.†(Business†¦.) â€Å"A significant decline in activity across the economy, lasting longer than a few months. It is visible in industrial production, employment, real income and wholesale-retail trade. ... With the steep rise in the unemployment levels, the government is obliged to extend unemployment benefits to a wider section of the society. Higher borrowing leads to higher taxes and additional interest payments in the future. As shares turn unattractive, the prices begin to dip. Lower profitability and lower dividends create a depressive mood for the investors and they look out for alternative sources of investment. The fall in share prices continues in anticipation of recessionary trends prolonging. But this is only the initial phase. When recession is at its hardest phase, the developments take a strange turn. In anticipation of economic recovery, share prices begin to recover, as the prudent investor calculates that it is the favorable time to invest from the point of view of long term gains. Falling prices of shares may be due to various other factors as well, not alone recession. The normal reaction to recession is that it should result in a lower inflation rate. The highlight of recession is it reduces demand and wage inflation. The issue to be examined is what economic factors impact the recession hard. The current recession is due to rise in oil prices. The expert opinion about this inflation is, it is bound to reduce demand, will result in price wars, as the firms will make all-out efforts to retain consumers. The scenario of falling investments takes volatile shape and hampers economic growth. The vicious circle begins. The slowdown in the growth rate, with the economy expanding with a slower pace, may result in substantial fall in investment. Fall in employment opportunities is the most feared factor during recession. The demand for labor takes a down turn. Not all sectors are impacted hard in equal measure

Lindbergh Baby Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Lindbergh Baby Case - Essay Example There was huge attention by the media concerning the issue. As a result, Lindbergh the father of the baby permitted a negotiator, called Dr. John Condon, to discuss with the kidnappers (FBI, n.d.). After a series of exchange of notes between him and the kidnappers, he met with the kidnapper and gave them the $50,000 ransom for the release of the baby (Busch, 1970). The kidnappers disclosed that the baby was on a boat off the New York harbor (Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), n.d.). However, after a thorough search, there was nothing in the harbor. Two months after the kidnapping, the babys body was unintentionally found decaying in woods near the Lindbergh home (FBI, n.d.). The police then launched a manhunt for the kidnapper and they mainly concentrated on pursuing any ransom money that had been spent. In this case, the police took the role of investigation; they investigated this case of three accounts of crime, which included; kidnapping, murder, and fraudulent money exchange. The police from the Federal Bureau of Investigation traced their investigation to the conclusion of Bruno Richard Hauptmann as the main suspect. The suspect was who was arrested after the police found more evidence his house (Busch, 1970). He was taken to the court and the jury found him guilty of the charges on Feb. 13, 1933. The correction required him to confess to the charges, which he refused, and thus he was electrocuted on April 3, 1936. First appearance is a common thing that takes place in the court process. In this process, a judge makes a decision on whether there is justification to grant a bond an individual suspected of committing any given crime and informs the suspected offender of his/her rights in the trial process (United States Attorney Office, n.d.). During the first appearance in the Lindbergh Baby Case, the police and the team of prosecutors proved to the court that there was evidence beyond reasonable doubts that the crime was committed. The defendant

Human resources employment law for business Essay

Human resources employment law for business - Essay Example Franklin, a U.S. born individual of English ancestry, works for the China Lights restaurant, which is owned and operated by two U.S. citizens of Chinese ancestry. Franklins coworkers Jin Pan and Dongping Jiang, also U.S. citizens of Chinese ancestry, are late for work virtually every day, but no action is taken against them for this, even though the owners are aware of Jin and Dongpings tardiness, and even though there is a stated workplace policy that an employee reporting to work late, more than once in a sixty day period will be dismissed. Franklin reports to work late twice, 55 days apart, and he is dismissed. Explain whether Franklin has the basis for a national origin discrimination claim. Franklin does have basis for a National Origin Discrimination claim, but it might not be easy. Proof of misconduct would have to be documented. If Jin and Dongping’s tardiness was not recorded, it would be Franklin’s word against the company and Jin and Dongping’s word. If documentation exists on Franklin’s tardiness that could be used to prove that Franklin would have been fired despite Jin and Dongping. Franklin would have had a better case if he had started documenting the tardiness before being fired. It would have also been a better case if he would not have been tardy for two days in a fifty-five day period. Courts like plaintiffs with clean hands. Theoretically the case could be brought, but if not settled out of court, the case might not succeed. Title VII deals with the discrimination against employees based on race, religion, gender, and so forth. IRCA deals with the hiring of illegal immigrants. It is harder to prove discrimination on race, religion, or gender. Title VII must be proven in court through testimony and documentation. IRCA discrimination can be proven through citizenship documentation. If an employer will not hire because of the IRCA law, than the U.S.

Physical Security Essay Example for Free

Physical Security Essay INTRODUCTION. Physical security starts with a rather simple basic premise; those who do not belong on your institution’s property should be excluded from your institution. This may happen in three often interrelated ways: when those who do not belong are identified, stopped and denied admission, when those who do not belong are denied admission by a physical device, such as a locked door. When those who do not belong are denied admission because they decide that your institution is too difficult to enter and thus they do note entry. This section will consider the various methods of excluding those who do not belong: access control, key control and locks, protective devices and alarms, windows and doors, fencing and gates, protective lighting, general deterrence. PHYSICAL SECURITY AND CRIME PREVENTION AND CONTROL Access Control Access control means that, when your facility is open, no visitor, delivery service person or unknown individual is able to enter your facility without being both observed directly or indirectly. Several techniques to accomplish that goal may include any or all of the following. Security Desk A security desk should be setup in them in lobby of each building which has an open-access or open-door policy. A sign-in and outlet supervised by an employee who validates identification prior to allowing visitors to proceed into the building, is highly advisable. Most supermarkets, five star hotels, foreign embassies, parliament buildings and major organizations have this measure in place in order to monitor the staff and clients as they come in and out to ascertain no harmful contrabands are sneaked in or pilferage of equipments and other relevant materials from the organization. When entering a building like IM where Standard Group have offices or Nation Centre where NTV is housed you have to produce your National ID, register your name, office and purpose of your visit then insured with a visitors pass in order to gain access to the premises. Monitored Entrances Ideally, an institution should have a single entrance only, monitored by staff personnel and equipped with an intercom system for communicating with anyone who comes to the door. Simply, an open door policy does not mean that every door need be left open and unlocked. You realize that hospitals, police headquarters, military barracks among others have personnel who are assigned on daily basis to check and verify individuals and motor vehicles that come in or leave the premises. Its purpose is to deter criminals and take note of every visitor for purposes of accountability when things go amiss. When entering the Times Tower where the Kenya Revenue Authority is housed, the security guards at the gate verifies visitors by their National Identity cards and or travelers passport and then a separate group of guards checks for any harmful materials by use of metal detectors. Visitors At no time should visitors be allowed to roam freely through your property unescorted or without being observed. That is especially true for individuals who expect to work on your most sensitive systems such as burglar alarms, fire alarms, communication systems or computers. Special diligence should be applied to those individuals when they visit your institution even if they are legitimate. For larger institutions, certain areas should be considered off-limits to all but authorized personnel. Allowing visitors free access to your facility does not mean that they should be allowed to go anywhere e.g. into restricted areas such as office spaces or that they should be given a sense that their actions are entirely unnoticed by the institution’s personnel. Some premises require having out of bound locations i.e. military barracks, production factories railway stations, air and seaports for purposes of security. Thus visitor should only be directed to designated zones only. Military barracks have their armories protected while airports have garages and main control rooms protected for security purposes. Employee Photo Identification Cards and Badges All employees should have and wear identification. Such badges make identification of non-employees immediate. Moreover, such cards will not only enable visitors to immediately identify those who work in an institution but will psychologically help employees understand that they are part of their agency’s security team. Photo identification should only be provided with accompanying education regarding their care, the procedure to be followed if they are lost, as well as the manner in which employees should approach unknown individuals. Creating ID badges requires thought. Cards should have clear pictures along with the employee’s name. The institution’s name should not necessarily be placed on the card. In any event, employees should be instructed that their card should be prominently worn while in the building and, for their own safety, kept from view when away from the building. In major hospitals like Nairobi hospital, Matter hospital among others every employee has a job ID which enables them access to all areas and distinguish them from patients, this reduces the chances of an admitted patient running away from the premise without paying the medical bill. Perimeter wall The perimeter wall, culverts and drainage units, lighting and other essential physical security areas. The drainage system and culverts can conceal entry and exit points for potential criminals. Culverts should be grilled to make it difficult for Criminals activities to occur. Parking lot Here the security personnel should be in a position to see how vehicles entering the premise or exiting are inspected. In some organizations parking badges are issued while in many more identification from drivers is not produced. In some organizations it is indicated cars parked at owner’s risk which injects confidence to car vandals and absorbs security responsibility. Parking should be offered to personnel with previous security background. The adjacent buildings and windows. The buildings and windows near a facility should not serve as a spring board for criminals to gain entry. The windows should be well and adequately secured to deny criminals an opportunity to access the facility under surveillance. Key Control and Locks Knowing who has which keys to which locks at all times is a vitally important issue. Failure to maintain such control may defeat the entire purpose of creating a security system. Institutions often simply assume that no one leaving their service either an employee or volunteer will subsequently break into their building or office. A sound key-control policy is essential to an effective security program. There should be a central key control location where masters are kept and access to which is strictly controlled. Registry. A central key control registry should be established for all key sand combinations. Employees and leadership should be required to sign for keys when they are received and the return of keys should be an important part of an exit process. Issuance. Supervisory approval should be required for the issuance of all keys and locks. Spare keys and locks should be kept in a centrally located cabinet, locked under the supervision of a designated employee. Master keys should be issued to a very restricted number of employees and these should be inventoried at least twice each year. Re-keying. When key control is lost, it may be worthwhile to have an institution’s locks Re-keyed or key should be surrendered incase employee is terminated or retired. Combination Locks and Codes. Where combination locks and coded locks are used, those combinations and codes should be changed at least every six months or when employees or leadership leave your premise. Combinations should also be kept under strict control of management. Computer systems and access. The computer system has become a concern in computer industry today. The security of electronic gadgets is pivotal in the growth of organizations, sabotage and shrinkage. The system should be protected from intruders or unauthorized access. The surveyor should include know who uses which computer, which services would be jeopardized by failure of a certain computer. Fires Are unpredictable hazards to organizations, homes and industries. The degree of vulnerability varies from one organization to another. The surveyor should check on the existing fire hazards, verify a match between hazards existing and fire suppression devices. Safes The area containing valuables is of paramount importance to a security survey. The protection of valuables should be consistent with security physical measures and criticality of a potential loss occurs. Safes and valuable storage areas should be fitted with adequate alarm systems. Surveillance Surveillance devices, CCTV’s and motion picture cameras are key to criminal activities detection, apprehension and deterrence. The surveyor should know their existence, location, protection and who monitors them. The security survey should capture the various departments in the organization, their operations and internal controls. Protective Lighting The value of adequate lighting as a deterrent to crime cannot be overemphasized. Adequate lighting is a cost-effective line of defense in preventing crime. Some Considerations on Lighting Lighting, both inside and outside, is most helpful and can be installed without becoming overly intrusive to neighbors. All entrances should be well lit. Fences should also be illuminated. For outside lighting, the rule of thumb is to create light equal to that of full daylight. The light should be directed downward away from the building or area to be protected and away from any security personnel you might have patrolling the facility. Where fencing is used, the lighting should be inside and above the fencing to illuminate as much of the fence as possible. Lighting should be placed to reduce contrast between shadows and illuminated areas. It should be uniform on walkways, entrances, exits, and especially in parking areas. Perimeter lights should be installed so the cones of illumination overlap, eliminating areas of total darkness if any one light malfunctions. Fixtures should be vandal-resistant. It is vital that repair of defects and replacement of worn-out bulbs be immediate. In addition, prevent trees or bushes from blocking lighting fixtures. You may wish to use timers and/or automatic photoelectric cells. Such devices provide protection against human error and ensure operation during inclement weather or when the building is unoccupied. A security professional should be contacted to help you with decisions on location and the best type of lighting for your individual institution. REFERENCE James K. Broder (200), Risk Analysis And The Security Survey 2rd Ed. Butterworth-Heinemann. USA. Lawrence J. Fennely (2003), Physical Security 3rd Edition. Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. Burlington, UK. Marc Weber Tobias (200), Locks Safes and Security, An International Police Reference 2nd Ed. Illinois USA.

How To Do Gram Staining

How To Do Gram Staining Observation of microorganism under microscope can be improved by using certain processes and techniques such as the staining. Staining is an important step to observe microorganisms more clearly, to differentiate between microorganisms as well as to differentiate parts in microorganism (Bagyaraj et al, 2005). The identification, morphology, some extracellular and intracellular components of microorganisms can be determined and detected through the staining. Many microorganisms difficult to be observed under microscope due to their colourless appearance and semitransparent properties as their refractive index almost same as surroundings (Patil et al, 2008). The stain improves contrast for visualizing microorganisms. Staining process can be explained either as physical, chemical reaction or combination of the both reaction. There are different types of staining such as the simple stain, differential stain and special stain. Simple stain can be used for observing certain basic structures as well as the shape of microorganisms. Differential stain while can be used in distinguishing between different types of microorganisms. Special stain on the other hand can be used for identifying specific structures in the microorganisms such as the flagella (Frey Price, 2003). Gram-stain is one of the commonly used differential stains. The Gram-staining process discovered in 1882 (published 1884) by Hans Christian Gram, a Danish bacteriologist and plays an important role in the classifying the bacteria. Gram-staining is usually the first step in identification bacteria and can be used in characterizing bacteria. Bacteria species can be separated into two large groups, which are the Gram-positive and Gram-negative groups through the Gram-staining (Sridhar Rao, n.d.). This process also important in clinical laboratory such as to examine and identify bacteria responsible for certain diseases. Staining process requires the preparation of smear that contains a thin layer of bacteria. The preparation of smear involves spreading and fixing of microorganisms on the microscope slide. Use of smear prevents microorganisms from being washing away with stain (Vasanthakumari, 2009). Besides the smear, there are four important components in the Gram stain process, which are the primary stain, mordant, decolourizing agent as well as the counterstain that used in sequences. The primary stains usually basic dye such as crystal violet that reacts with acidic component of cell and causes all the bacteria to be stained with the crystal violet or purple. The other dye like the methyl violet can also be used. The other component, mordant in the Gram stain refers to iodine. Mordant is chemical that increases affinity of the stain to the microorganisms and also their coating, making certain structures thicker for easier observation under microscope. The decolorizing agent decolorizes dye from cell that already being stained (Rajan, 2005). The degree of decolorization different in bacteria depends on their chemical components. Decolourization agent commonly refers to ethanol or other solution like acetone or mixture of acetone and ethyl alcohol. Counterstain while is another basic dye that important in giving new colour for cells that decolourized. Counterstain can be the safranin (used in this practical) or the carbon fuchsin. The Gram stain (differential stains) gives different colour for different types of bacteria. The colour is the one that determine whether the bacterium is Gram positive or Gram negative. The Gram positive bacteria resist decolourization and give result of crystal violet or purple colour (primary stain). Gram-negative bacteria decolorize and give red or pink colour as it takes up counterstain (Ananthanarayan Paniker, 2006). The difference in result is due to the differences in the cell wall structure or composition of bacteria that causes the different in the reaction with the series of reagents in Gram staining (Talaro, 2007). Preparation of Staining Reagents: Crystal violet Solution A: Crystal violet 2.0g Ethanol, 95% (v/v) 20 ml Solution B: Ammonium oxalate 0.8g Distilled water 80 ml Solution A and B mixed. Mordant Iodine 1.0 g Potassium iodide 2.0 g Distilled water 300 ml Iodine and potassium blended with mortar, distilled water added during blending until iodine dissolved. Decolorization solvent Ethanol, 95% (v/v) Counterstain Safranin 0.25 g [2.5 %(w/v)] Ethanol 10 ml [9.5% (v/v)] Distilled water 90 ml Materials: Glass slide Escherichia coli in broth culture Escherichia coli in agar culture Bacillus sp. in broth culture Bacillus sp. in agar culture Staphylococcus aureus in broth culture Actinomycetes sp. in broth culture Actinomycetes sp. in agar culture Kimwipe Bunsen burner Dropper Distilled water Inoculation loop Procedure: Preparation of smear: For culture taken from liquid medium (broth), 1 drop of culture to be examined was transferred by using inoculation loop onto a slide and spread to from circular smear. For culture taken from solid medium (agar), one drop of distilled water first dispensed on the slide. The single colony then spread on the water to form circular smear. The slide was heat-fixed with flame. Gram-staining The slide was placed on the rack. 1-2 drops of crystal violet was dropped on the smear and left for 2 minutes. The crystal violet was rinsed off with distilled water for 2 seconds. Iodine solution was dropped and left for 2 minutes. The iodine solution was rinsed off with distilled water for 2 seconds. The smear was decolorized by washing with ethanol (95%v/v) for less than 10 seconds. The ethanol then rinsed off with distilled water for 10 seconds. Safranin solution was dropped on the smear for 10 seconds. The red-coloured safranin was rinsed-off with distilled water. The side was dried using Kimwipe or air-dry. The slide was observed under the microscope. Results: (A)Escherichia coli G:DCIM101NIKONDSCN1773.JPG 1(a) Broth culture (zoom in). 1(b) Agar plate (zoom in). Figure 1: Microscopic image of Escherichia coli under total magnification of 400ÃÆ'- from different culture (B) Bacillus species G:DCIM101NIKONDSCN1745.JPG G:DCIM101NIKONDSCN1738.JPG 2(a) Broth culture (zoom in). 2(b) Agar plate (zoom in). Figure 2: Microscopic image of Bacillus sp. under total magnification of 400ÃÆ'- from different cultures. (C) Staphylococcus Aureus G:DCIM101NIKONDSCN1767.JPG Figure 3: Microscopic image of Staphylococcus aureus under total magnification of 400ÃÆ'- from broth culture (zoom in). (D) Actinomycetes species C:UsersmichelleDocumentsUMS MICROBIOLOGYPHOTOSS1.JPG G:DCIM101NIKONDSCN1760.JPG 4(a) Broth culture (zoom in) under total magnification of 400ÃÆ'-. 4(b) Agar plate (zoom in) under total magnification of 400ÃÆ'-. Figure 3: Microscopic image of Actinomycetes sp. under different magnification from different culture. Table 1: The result of Gram stain on different microorganism Type of microorganisms Shape of the microorganisms Colour stained on microorganisms Gram positive or Gram negative Escherichia coli (broth culture) Bacillus or Rod-shaped Pink Gram negative Escherichia coli (agar plate) Bacillus or Rod-shaped Pink Gram negative Bacillus sp. (broth culture) Bacillus or Rod-shaped Purple Gram positive Bacillus sp. (agar plate) Bacillus or Rod-shaped Purple Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus Coccus or round-shaped Purple Gram positive Actinomycetes sp. (broth culture) Mycelial Purple Gram positive Actinomycetes sp. (agar plate) Mycelial Purple Gram positive Discussion: For every bacterium studied, a smear is first prepared as the smear enables Gram staining to be done without washing away bacteria together with stain. The spreading process (for both broth and agar culture) enables the distribution of bacteria on slides so that suitable density of bacteria can be found on the slide. This increases chance of individual bacteria to be observed under microscope (Port, 2009). The microorganisms from agar first suspended in distilled water before spreading. Without spreading, bacteria may be too concentrated, crowded and overlapped (in clumps), making the observation to be difficult. The slide was heat fixed after drying. Heating enables coagulation and precipitation of protein of bacteria to occurs, hence fix the bacteria on slide. The bacteria killed and adhere to the surface. Fixation makes the bacteria rigid, immobile, increased permeability and affinity to staining. This also prevents the autolysis process of bacteria (Aneja, 2003). During the fixat ion process, slides not be placed directly above the heat or passed through too many times as overheat may causes changes in the shape and hence cause the distortion of the microorganisms. At the same time, less heat supplied may cause the microorganisms do not fix firmly. Before heat fix, the slide is allowed to dry completely as wet bacterial suspension may create aerosol (Shimeld, 1999).The presence of water may also cause over heating. The crystal violet added as the primary stain. Crystal violet is basic dye and has affinity for cell structures that are acidic such as the protoplasm. Crystal violet is added to stain everything on slide or to stain all bacteria (Gram positive or Gram negative). This is same for all the seven samples. Crystal violet dye enters the cells and stained with crystal violet colour. It was suggested that the aqueous dye dissociated into CV+ ion and chloride, Cl- ion (Hussey Smith, n.d.). The positively charged ion binds to the negatively charged components in cell after penetrating the cell wall and cell membrane, hence giving the purple colour. The extra crystal violet dye that not binds to cell is cleared by distilled water. Addition of iodine in next step enables the crystal violet dye to further fix and adhere to organisms (Medical Education Division, 2006). This is due to the formation of complex between iodine and dye ion (CV-I complex) as the negatively charged iodine ion (I- or I3 - ion) binds to the positively charged ion of dye (CV+ ion) in cytoplasm and hence bacteria appeared as violet colour (Vasanthakumari, 2009). The solubility of the dye decreased during the process as the ions bind to organisms. Iodine acts as mordant as it increases affinity of crystal violet stain to organisms. The addition of 95% ethanol as decolourizer enables the lipid to be extracted or dissolved from the cell wall for the Gram negative bacteria like the Escherichia coli. Gram negative bacteria have an outer membrane that constitutes most of the cell wall, also known as lipopolysaccharide layer (LPS) in cell wall (Clark et al, 2009). This is a lipid bilayer structure that differs from cytoplasmic membrane. This layer not only made up of phospholipids and protein, but also polysaccharides that not commonly found in cytoplasmic membrane. Polysaccharide portion made up of core polysaccharides and O-polysaccharides while the lipid portion made up of lipid A which then bind to the core polysaccharides. This LPS layer is located outside a thin layer of peptidoglycan. The outer membrane gives rises to high lipid composition in the cell wall. Decolourizer dissolve off lipid, hence increases the permeability of cell wall which eventually enables the crystal violet-iodine complex to be lost toget her with the lipid. The cell wall (murein layer) of Gram positive layer while has no outer membrane but have thick, cross-linked and multi-layered peptidoglycan. Teichoic acids, the phosphorylated polyalcohol can be found embedded in peptidoglycan layers. These acids can be found bonded to muramic acid residues in peptidoglycan. Lipoteichoic acid which refers to the teichoic acids that binds to the lipids of membrane can also be found in Gram positive bacterial cell wall. In certain actinobacteria, structure called mycolic acids also can be found. The lack of outer membrane gives rises to low lipid composition in cell wall. Hence, the action of decolorizer on Gram positive bacteria (Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus aureus and Actinomycetes sp.) causes dehydration of cell wall due to the thick peptidoglycan and the composition of lipid available to be dissolved is low. This eventually decreases cell wall permeability, closing pores on cell wall and hence retain the crystal violet-iodine complex inside (Diffe rential staining: The Gram Stain, n.d.). As the cell shrinks, the complex trapped in the thick peptidoglycan and hence cells do not decolourized. After this process, E. coli is in colourless as the crystal-violet iodine complex loses while Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus aureus and Actinomycetes sp. still in purple colour. Ethanol was not added for more than 30 seconds. Over decolourization can cause the stain of Gram positive bacteria to decolourize and appears as Gram negative (Betts et al, 2003). Under decolourization (too short) also avoided as it can cause dye to be removed incompletely from Gram negative bacteria. Both situations can give false results. After decolorization, smear was washed with distilled water for 15 second to completely stop the decolourization process. The counterstain, safranin solution then stained the E. coli that is colourless with the red colour. Safranin is basic dye (cationic ion) carry the positive dye ion, chromophore that attached to acidic cell structures (negatively charged) such as the protoplasm. Basic dye also attached to other negatively charged macromolecules like proteins and nucleic acid (Archunan, 2004). Both the Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria took up the counterstain but the colour of Gram Positive do not change much as it already stained with p urple. For every dye, there is different period of time for staining. This is to prevent over or under stain that may results in inaccurate result. From the observation, Escherichia coli stained red and give accurate result of Gram negative. The shape of E. coli can be observed as rod shape. Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus aureus and Actinomycetes sp. while shows results of Gram positive as all are stained with purple colour. The shapes observed are respectively rod-shaped, round-shaped and in mycelial. For Staphylococcus aureus, the cocci shape is sticked together in clumps or amorphous sheet and not separated. For E. coli, bacillus sp. and staphylococcus aureus, two samples are taken, one from the broth and one from the agar. Both the samples show the same results. The difference is on the amount of microorganisms observed. Bacillus sp., for example, that taken from agar plate is very crowded. This is because the each colony taken contains a number of microorganisms. It is more difficult to be observed the shape of the organisms. However, the colour stained can be observed clearly. For the broth culture, individual organisms and the shape as well as the colour can be observed more clearly. Conclusion: Gram staining is important in differentiating Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria in which the Gram positive bacteria stained purple colour while Gram negative organisms stained pink. Escherichia coli is Gram negative while bacillus sp., staphylococcus aureus and actinomycetes are Gram positive bacteria.

Flag Power in The Red Badge of Courage Essays -- Red Badge Courage Ess

Flag Power in The Red Badge of Courage      Ã‚  Ã‚   Henry Fleming, after receiving his red badge of courage†¹a blow to the head†¹takes over the role of color-bearer during a vicious combat. As he sees his comrade sink to the ground in pain, he fights with his friend Wilson for the esteemed position of flag-bearer and finally wrenches the Union colors from the grasp of the dying man. With the flag in hand, Henry feels immediately empowered; the ubiquitous symbol of freedom and courage invests him with his own power and valiancy as he rushes headlong towards the enemy lines. Stephen Crane's continuous reference to color in The Red Badge of Courage, manifests itself outright in his few descriptions of the flag. The flag, symbolic by its very nature, invests the warriors with violent emotion as well as acting as an impetus for action, in the case of the young soldier. Crane emphasizes descriptions of the colors, the flag-bearers and the enemy's own flag to further increase the depth of feeling in the no vel. Since a flag often invokes deep sentiments of nationalism, patriotism and faith, Crane's very descriptions of the flag tend to be wrought with feeling and augment a description of character.    As Henry Fleming's character shifts throughout the course of the novel, the symbol of the flag also has a changing effect on him. As he becomes empowered rather than terrified by the battle, the flag too impresses him in an equally more powerful manner. Before he attends his first battle, he sees the "flags, the red in the stripes dominating." Crane further describes them as splashing "bits of warm color upon the dark lines of the troops." This convivial description further effects Henry's countenance as he feels "t... .... Moreover, the colors of the enemy produce such a hatred, that Henry insists on holding his own flag higher and using her colors as a sign of his battle-worthy self.    Works Cited and Consulted Berryman, John, Stephen Crane:   A Critical Biography.   1950.   Rpt. In Discovering Authors.   Vers. 1.0. CD-ROM.   Detriot:   Gale, 1992. Bloom, Harold, ed.   Modern Critical Interpretations:   Stephan Crane's The Red Badge of Courage.   New Yourk:   Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. Crane, Stephen. The Red Badge of Courage.   Logan, IA:   Perfection Learning Corporation, 1979. Gibson, Donald B. The Red Badge of Courage:   Redefining the Hero.   Boston:   Twayne Publishers, 1988. Wolford, Chester L.   "Stephen Crane."   Critical Survey of Long Fiction.   Ed. Frank N. Magill.   English Language Series.   Vol. 2. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Salem Press, 1991   

How to Adapt and Thrive within Singapore’s Culture Essay -- Country An

How to Adapt and Thrive within Singapore’s Culture Expansion is an exciting and somewhat scary adventure. As Speedy Errands starts to embark into the global marketplace, we must learn more about the country to develop our branch. A new environment is harder to understand if we know nothing about the culture, landscape and its inhabitants. To achieve this branching-out Speedy Errands we must learn about the culture of Singapore, which includes the following: country history, social climate, family life, attitudes, religions, education, values, and economics. This report has been conducted to educate our company about the new environment and culture we want to become emerged. History of Singapore The history of a country will give us insight into their cultural environment and their values. The original occupants of Singapore were fishermen and pirates. Western countries did not know about Singapore’s culture until Sir Thomas Stanford Raffles of the British East trading company came to the island in 1819 looking for more trading posts. In 1825, Singapore became a major trading port. With the industrial development, in the 20th century, Western countries had a higher demand for tin and rubber, which helped Singapore emerge as one of the major ports in the world. After World War I, the British started to modernize Malayan defenses, and in 1921, a large naval base was built in Singapore. The establishment of an air base followed. During World War II, Singapore was occupied by the Japanese invaders in February 1942. The island remained under Japanese control until September 1945, when Japan surrendered to the Allied forces. In 1959, Singapore became self-governin g, but its defense and foreign policy were still under ... ...Asian Cultures. Sojourn: Journal Of Social Issues In Southeast Asia, 10(1), 65-89. Youngblood-Coleman, D. (2003). History: Country Watch Publications. Country Review:Singapore.http://www.countrywatch.com/cw_country.asp?vCOUNTRY=6 Weston, R., & Hayes, A. (2004). Celebrating families in Singapore. Family Matters, (69), 83-87. Hing Ai, Y. (2004). Ideology and Changing Family Arrangements in Singapore. Journal Of Comparative Family Studies, 35(3), 375-392. Koh, A. (2004). Singapore Education in "New Times": Global/local imperatives. Discourse: Studies In The Cultural Politics Of Education, 25(3), 335-349. How funds under Community Engagement Masterplan will be spent - Channel News Asia. (2012, April 10). Channel News Asia - Latest News, Singapore, Asia, World and Business News - channelnewsasia.com. Retrieved May 1, 2012, from http://www.channelnewsasia.com/storie

John Stuart Mill and Utilitarianism Essay -- Philosophy Morality John

John Stuart Mill and Utilitarianism Utilitarianism defined, is the contention that a man should judge everything based on the ability to promote the greatest individual happiness. In other words Utilitarianism states that good is what brings the most happiness to the most people. John Stuart Mill based his utilitarian principle on the decisions that we make. He says the decisions should always benefit the most people as much as possible no matter what the consequences might be. Mill says that we should weigh the outcomes and make our decisions based on the outcome that benefits the majority of the people. This leads to him stating that pleasure is the only desirable consequence of our decision or actions. Mill believes that human beings are endowed with the ability for conscious thought, and they are not satisfied with physical pleasures, but they strive to achieve pleasure of the mind as well. He claims that people seek pleasure and reject pain. There were some moral problems that Mill ran into with his principle. One of the first problems was that actions are right to promote happiness, but wrong as they sometimes tend to produce unhappiness. By moving a victim from a mangled car would be the noble thing to do but what if pulling him from the wreck meant killing him. He intended to produce a happy outcome, but in the end he created an unhappy situation. Utilitarianism declares that men can live just as well without happiness. Mill says yes, but men do not conduct their lives, always seeking happiness. Happiness does not always mean total bliss. Another problem is that some pleasures are more alluring than others. Pleasure does not deal with just quantity, quality is also important. The old saying, â€Å"You ... ...ale. I think that people intend to do good and the people that produce a bad outcome due to their actions have a disorder it is not necessarily and intended evil. I also believe that we do conduct our lives in hope of happiness. We would not run the race if we did not hope to win. Of course there are going to be losers but with out losing you cannot really pleasure the act of winning. Mill did not prove a justification for what happiness is to the whole. I do not think everyone has the same desire for happiness. We each share similarities but all have different ideas of what happiness means. Rap music might offend my grandmother but LL Cool J loves rap music and never intended to offend my grandmother. All of the cases presented in utilitarianism and Mill’s views are very vast. Mill does have some good points but really avoided justifying his theory.

Explain The Benefits Of Actively Promoting Positive Aspects Of Behaviour

Explain the benefits of actively promoting positive aspects of behaviour. Positive behaviour is strongly linked to respect for others and what is generally accepted as ‘good' behaviour tends to be centred on this. Positive behaviour is about learning self-control and consideration for the needs of others. The Social Learning Theory is based on the fact that children will adopt the behaviour of the adults around them. In other words setting a good example is the first thing all adults should try to do in working with young children. If we deal aggressively with them they will respond in an aggressive way also.If we always remember to say please and thank you they are more likely to do so and if we encourage and reward sharing and caring they will accept this as positive behaviour. The Behaviourist Theory suggests that children will respond best to positive reinforcement, in other words rewards. The attention of adults is important to children and some learn that the only way to get attention is by exhibiting negative behaviour. The only time they feel noticed is when they are being chastised for unwanted behaviour. Their logic tells them that in repeating the unwanted behaviour they will get more attention.If we try to ignore negative behaviour (as far as is safe to do so) but reward positive behaviour then the child learns that more attention is gained through being ‘good'. This can be done by using sticker charts†¦. only appropriate behaviour gets a sticker but never remove a sticker that has been earned for good behaviour as this is discouraging to the child. Praising a child for the positive behaviour is sometimes all that is needed to show that we have noticed and will reinforce their behaviour so it is important to do this frequently. Even a smile is enough in some cases.Self-Fulfilling Prophesy Theory is based upon the view the adult takes of a child. If a child is constantly told they are ‘bad' or ‘naughty' they often come to consider themselves as just that and resign them to becoming nothing better. If we have to discipline a child in any way the language we use must be chosen carefully so as not to label the child but to label the behaviour as unacceptable. Having a good, well organised routine will help children to feel more secure and the less stressed they are in a situation the more likely they are to exhibit positive behaviour.Setting clear boundaries and explaining them to the children also gives them a better understanding of what you expect. The children could contribute to this process by adding to lists of rules, thereby giving them ownership of what is appropriate and what is not. They are more likely to conform to boundaries if they understand what their peers find unacceptable and the reasons why there is a need for boundaries. Being well organised will also mean that the children are constantly on task and not left without a meaningful activity to occupy them.Make them responsible for c ertain activities as this will give them a sense of involvement and ownership. Ensure that there is plenty of supervision of activities so that any negative behaviour is nipped in the bud before it becomes an issue. In short be a positive role model, make use of positive reinforcement, be consistent, be well organised/planned, have clear boundaries and above all else be patient, understanding, attentive and aware of the developmental stage of each child in your care.

Analysis of Widower in the Country by Les Murray Essay

Les Murray’s poem ‘Widower in the Country’ highlights the painful effect of the death of a loved one. His tone in this poem is one of grief and loneliness, and through strong imagery and emotive language, the composer draws out empathy and interest from the reader. This poem describes how repetitive life becomes after someone very close to you passes away. The composer conveys a strong feeling of grief and pain in the poem. The composer creates an empathy towards the widower, by expressing just how lonely he feels after his wife had died, and he had to stay in the place that they had shared together. Through the use of multiple metaphors, â€Å"The Christmas paddocks aching in the heat/The windless trees, the nettles in the yard† , the composer builds a path into how the widower is ‘aching’ after the grief of losing his wife. ‘windless trees’ implies the feeling of death, as the trees have no leaves, whilst ‘nettles’ evokes the pain and burning he is feeling at this difficult time. The reader realises that this might be a difficult time for the widower, and empathises to attempt to feel what he feels. Les Murray creates an overall feeling of grief and loneliness throughout his poem. Murray clearly outlines just how much losing a loved one makes you suffer and hurt for a very long time. The poem is structured in a way that establishes the routine of morning, afternoon and evening that widows or widowers are forced through to change their everyday lives to suit after losing their partner. The composer uses enjambment and a metaphor to create this idea. â€Å"The roof reflects the sun and makes my eyes / Water and close on bright webbed visions smeared / On the dark of my thoughts to dance and fade away.† Murray makes it easy for the readers to relate to the text by creating a clear empathy for the grief and loss the widower is feeling in the poem. Some people can not regain the strength to lead a normal life after losing those dear to them. The poem reveals how monotonous life becomes after losing their partner. The widower lives day to day and tries to get through daily life without his partner, but finds that he suffers for it. People who live a monotonous life tend to keep to themselves and may come off as sharp, as they are so stuck to their routine so they don’t have to think about anything other than the work they have to do to avoid the prickly pain. The composer uses repetition â€Å"I’ll go,† to reinforce the monotonous, day to day life that widowers lead. â€Å"I’ll get up soon, and leave my bed unmade./I’ll go outside and split off kindling wood†¦Ã¢â‚¬  demonstrates the feeling of numbness that the widower feels, and the feeling that he doesn’t want to get out of bed and go and live his life, because he feels as though he can’t live it without his wife. This poem highlights how a widower leads his life after losing his wife. Murray demonstrates how people in outback Australia deal with loss. The widower is still trying to live through the grief, pain and torture that people suffer after losing their loved ones, and the composer creates a clear empathy towards the widower. The widower leads a monotonous life, and struggles to get through day to day life without his partner. The poem effectively demonstrates how a widower feels after losing their wife, through strong metaphors, emotive language and repetition.

Federalist Argument for Ratification of the Constitution

Federalist Argument for Ratification of the Constitution November 18, 2010 Americans, prior to and shortly after the Revolutionary War, were strongly united under one opinion. The common belief that America ought to be an independent state, with its own system of government can be found in the literature of each and every colony. However, after the failure of the first governing document, the Articles of Confederation, delegates met in Philadelphia in order to draft a better functioning constitution. In this debate, the opinion of America soon became divided.On one side were the supporters of the proposed constitution (Federalists) and on the other the opponents (Anti-Federalists). The Federalists urged their fellow delegates and the nation for the establishment of a consolidated federal government that gets its power from an energetic constitution. The reason behind this position was none other than the failure of the Articles of Confederation. Although the two sides disagreed over the role and authority of the federal government, they did hold one thing in common: the Articles of Confederation were inadequate and threatened the preservation of the union.The Anti-Federalists believed that the flaws of the Articles of Confederation could be fixed by amendments while the Federalists combated that claim by suggesting that the â€Å"material defects† that exist in the articles cannot be repaired and thus a new, more energetic, constitution must be drafted. Additionally, the Anti-Federalists sought to support the Articles of Confederation because they believed that there are more problems introduced by the newly proposed constitution.They argued that the document would establish an untested form of government and they maintained that the Framers of the Constitution were an elitist group that had met in secrecy in order to empower â€Å"moneyed few. † The Federalists refuted the claims of their opponents in a series of essays that underlined the follow ing central ideas: the benefit of the union to the colonies; defense of republicanism in the newly proposed constitution; and the necessity of an energetic, proficient federal government. As previously stated, both sides agreed that the Articles of Confederation ere incapable of preserving the union. However, the Anti-Federalists believed in confederated government made up of small republics (as it existed prior to the ratification of the Constitution). â€Å"If the people are to give their assent to the laws, by persons chosen and appointed by them, the manner of the choice and the number chosen, must be such, as to possess, be disposed, and consequently qualified to declare the sentiments of the people; for if they do not know, or are not disposed to speak the sentiments of the people, the people do not govern, but the sovereignty is in a few.Now, in a large extended country, it is impossible to have a representation, possessing the sentiments, and of integrity, to declare the mi nds of the people, without having it so numerous and unwieldly, as to be subject in great measure to the inconveniency of a democratic government† (Hammond, Hardwick, & Lubert, 2007, p. 538). According to their argument, small republics preserve liberty best because citizens of small republics know the elected officials on a personal level and it is this intimate connection that assures obedience of the law.A confederation of states allows for the existence of states that reflect their constituents. In a large republic there will be many opinions and laws will be diluted by the number of opinions. This can create conflict and threaten the union. In Federalist 10, James Madison disproves this claim by stating the Federalist belief that large republics produce better candidates and a majority that is more inclusive to existing minorities. In the next place, as each representative will be chosen by a greater number of citizens in the large than in the small republic, it will be more difficult for unworthy candidates to practice with success the vicious arts by which elections are too often carried; and the suffrages of the people being more free, will be more likely to centre in men who possess the most attractive merit and the most diffusive and established characters† (Hammond, Hardwick, & Lubert, 2007, p. 465).Madison reasons that in a large state the number of voters and candidates is greater therefore the probability of electing a qualified representative is also greater. In a small republic candidates running in election can fool voters easier than in a large republic. Thus, Madison, in contrast to the Anti-Federalists, saw the large size of the United States as a help rather than a hindrance to the cause of liberty. Due to these qualities of large republics the salvation of the union would be facilitated.Federal inability to enforce laws on the states leads the Federalists to desire an energetic constitution that gave the government mor e authority and the apparatuses necessary to enforce its sovereignty. Under the Articles of Confederation, states were left to enforce federal law. Alexander Hamilton, in Federalist 15, argues that this practice â€Å"†¦in theory their resolutions concerning those objects are laws, constitutionally binding on the members of the Union, yet in practice they are mere recommendations which the States observe or disregard at their option† (Hammond, Hardwick, & Lubert, 2007, p. 472).Furthermore, he expands on federal powers and tools needed for enforcement in Federalist 23. In defense of the â€Å"necessary and proper† clause of the Constitution, Hamilton states that â€Å"†¦because it is impossible to foresee or define the extent and variety of national exigencies, or the correspondent extent and variety of the means which may be necessary to satisfy them† (Hammond, Hardwick, & Lubert, 2007, p. 478). The new constitution would enable to federal gove rnment to implement its authority over members of the union. In a federalist view this is a necessary improvement for the security of the union.If the national government is given responsibilities then it ought to also have the tools needed to carry out those responsibilities. The lack of clear and complete separation between the executive, legislative and judicial bodies was viewed by the Anti-Federalist as a reintroduction of a monarchial and tyrannical regime. James Madison, on the other hand, reasoned that the best government of the time, as it existed in Britain, and all of the colonies already practiced the same overlapping of powers that was found in the proposed constitution.In Federalist 48, Madison argues that it is this very overlapping of authority that preserves the separation of powers; â€Å"The conclusion which I am warranted in drawing from these observations is, that a mere demarcation on parchment of the constitutional limits of the several departments, is not a sufficient guard against those encroachments which lead to a tyrannical concentration of all the powers of government in the same hands† (Hammond, Hardwick, & Lubert, 2007, p. 494).He believed that his opponents had read Montesquieu but had not understood his notion of separation of powers clearly. According to Montesquieu, tyranny results when one branch of government simultaneously holds the powers of another branch. However, Madison argues that Montesquieu â€Å"did not mean that these departments ought to have no partial agency in, or no control over, the acts of each other† (Hammond, Hardwick, & Lubert, 2007, p. 490). Thus, the above claim enabled the Federalists to sufficiently settle the argument on this issue.As brilliant as the Federalist Papers were they were not the sole reason that the proposed constitution was ratified. Nevertheless, they aided the constitution's cause by giving the constitution's adherents ideas with which to counter their oppositi on. The Anti-Federalist outcry was not without its effects. With the ratification of the Constitution state legislatures voted for the addition of the first ten amendments. The Bill of Rights, as it came to be known, became an essential part of the document and its legacy of liberty.The ratification of the Constitution not only changed the political culture but also the social. Soon after its approval, American experienced a social shift as well. Citizens no longer saw themselves as only Virginians or New Yorkers; instead they became something larger than that, they became American first and the rest as they say is history.Works Cited Hammond, S. , Hardwick, K. , & Lubert, H. (2007). Classics of american political & constitutional thought. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc.

Case 6.6 Essay

Charles Tollison, Audit Manager 1. I strongly believe that Charles Tollison is qualified for a partnership position as he puts in long hours worked year-round and solves the most difficult accounting/auditing issues. He is considered the â€Å"technician† of the company because of his abilities of micromanaging his jobs and being involved in every aspect of them. It shows that he cares for the company; but he needs to invest more time in getting more clients, contracts for the organization, rather than spending all of his time solving accounting/audit issues. These are matters that someone else can handle in order for him to qualify as a partner. 2. I strongly believe that the firm did not treat him fairly. They know very well that he is a hard worker that devotes most of his time with the company and has promised him year to year that he will get promoted. Instead, they are promoting his fellow audit manager, Craig Allan because of all the connections and the new clients he brought to the firm. They can suggest Charles Tollison to shift some of his time from the audit/accounting work and try to bring in new contracts, as that is one of the major qualifications of a partner. 3. As a large international accounting, the criteria used when evaluating individuals for promotion to a partner is to place emphasis on the individual’s behavior, personal expectations, aggressiveness, and individual achievement. Job success with international firms is primarily dependent upon the individual’s technical competence, advancement does not occur without the development of management skills. In order to be considered a partner you need to learn more sophisticated management skills such as communicating, organizing, motivating, and directing the efforts of larger and more numerous teams of staff and senior accountants. By the time a person is considered for partner, his or her primary responsibilities, in order of importance, are that of client development, staff supervision, and, finally, technical accounting activities. Thus, while technical ability is the most important skill needed at the start of a career, it is not the most important skill needed to be come a partner of a large international accounting firm. Smaller accounting firms establish different criteria for evaluation individuals for promotion to partner as is an informal process and typically based on a person’s technical competence. Promotion is somewhat limited within small accounting firms. 4. Some accounting firms manage their staffs according to an â€Å"up or out† policy governing both promotions and staff retention. The advantages of this type of management is that only those people with the potential to become partners is equivalent to retaining those with the greatest intelligence and skills, meaning a stronger and more productive work force in the firm than would exist if people with lower potential were retained, no matter how valuable they otherwise might be. Moreover, it can seem more honest and straightforward than the tendency of many employers to retain staff by giving them false indications of their future prospects for promotion. Disadvantages are the high turnover work environment of an â€Å"up or out† policy. It is one device to keep all employees constantly on their toes and exerting themselves at full speed, at times with extensive work weeks as an ongoing proposition.

Mice and Men Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mice and Men - Movie Review Example r Lewis Milestone unveils the psychological reason behind the strange friendship between two individuals and leads the audience to the hidden reason behind the tragedy in the end. In the film, the director portrays the strange relationship between George Milton and Lennie Small. One can see that this relationship is strange due to the reason that George Milton is an intelligent individual but Lennie is a mentally challenged individual. To be specific, their characters are not identical, but different. On the other side, both of them were migrants who wished to survive the Great Depression in America. At the same time, both these characters possessed the same aim, to own a piece of land. In addition, this dream or ultimate aim helped them to accept hardships in their life as a challenge. Psychologically, George is a strong person. On the other side, Lennie is mentally weak and physically strong, but attracted towards soft things in life. His life revolves around soft things. On the other side, George is workaholic and his ultimate aim is to own a piece of land. The psychological reason behind the friendship is that George is in search of an apt companion who c an understand him and his dreams. On the other side, Lennie is in search of a guide in his life. As he is mentally challenged, he needs an individual who can save him from critical situations in life. The difference in their characters and their ultimate aim acts the role of a psychological link which connects them. One can see that the director makes use of these differences in attitude towards life and physical and mental strength/weakness to link the main characters in the film. In the film, the director attempts to unveil the hidden reason behind the tragedy faced by George Milton and Lennie Small. For instance, George is aware of the fact that Lennie cannot live without his help. Besides, both of them are aiming to attain the same end result, i.e., to own a piece of land. George tries his level best to

Tax Havens or Offshore Financial Centre Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Tax Havens or Offshore Financial Centre - Thesis Example Recently some countries have emerged as evident tax havens and are attracting hefty capital inflow. Singapore, Hong-Kong, Barbdos etc are only a few to name. "In Asia, offshore interbank markets began to develop after 1968 when Singapore launched the Asian Dollar Market (ADM) and introduced the Asian Currency Units (ACUs). The ADM was an alternative to the London euro-dollar market, and the ACU rule enabled mainly foreign banks to engage in international transactions under a favorable tax and regulatory environment"Similarly in Europe, Luxembourg attracted investors from Germany, France and Belgium in the early 1970s (IMF, 2000) due to its low income tax rates, the lack of withholding taxes for nonresidents on interest and dividend income, and banking secrecy rules. On the same ground The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man provided very similar opportunities. Moreover Bahrain began to serve as a collection center for the region's oil surpluses during the mid 1970s, after passing ban king laws and providing tax incentives to facilitate the incorporation of offshore banks. In the Western Hemisphere, the Bahamas and later the Cayman Islands provided similar facilities. Following this initial success by other countries, a number of other small countries tried to attract this business. Many had little success, because they were unable to offer any advantage over the more established centers. This did, however, lead some late arrivals to appeal to the less legitimate side of the business.

Competition in drafts for sports Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Competition in drafts for sports - Research Paper Example History shows that the Cleveland Cavaliers abused this privilege by signing LeBron James to a huge contract. Many sports analysts also argue that the NFL draft does not carry as popular names. The biggest names in NFL draft up to this day is Adrian Peterson, who has still not managed to take his team to the superbowl. However, the NBA draft has always gotten attention for its fancy players. The NBA 03 draft was one of the most prominent drafts that features players such as LeBron James, Carmelo Anthony, Chris Bosh, Kirk Hinrich, and many other superstars. The NBA has been traditionally been very lucky being blessed with drafts whereas NFL drafts. Competition in both drafts have been superseding amazingly in the previous decade. Players have been stronger, faster, and better than ever before. This is due to the fact that competition has been majorly extensive even at minor conferences. Players are running the 50 yard dashes in major milestones for the NFL draft. The advent of the supplement industry and nutritionists have also played a vital role in this. Players at the collegiate levels have nutrionists, therapists, and training staff to help them in any manner possible. However, one element of draft that is missing is the athlete’s behavior. The combine and pre-season events that occur before the draft also are a valuable element. They dictate the nature of the draft as players showcase their skills and athletic abilities. Prior to the NFL combine, recruiters only had game film to evaluate the players. With new technologies and analysis, the draft has become a very fierce method of evaluation. Competition in drafts has been much fiercer as well because of the exposure of social media. Social media attention has been a focal point in the persona lives of athletes. In today’s centuries, the advent of social media has made

Reflection Papers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Reflection Papers - Essay Example Similarly, the contestation over the significance and meanings of ‘girl power’ and girl culture have produced new relationship between feminism, girls, and popular culture. In particular, popular culture has always been the primary focus of feminism (Biddle & Gibson, 2009). Apparently, the impact of contemporary life on women and the importance of popular culture to mapping ideologies and desires around the modern woman have been of vast interest to feminists. As a popular civilization, girl culture is conceivably a form of feminism. Many of the contemporary feminist approaches underline the active deployment of popular culture by women. In summary, the complexity in discussing or analyzing the relations between Spice Girls and their fans suggests the difficulty surrounding ‘identification’ (Biddle & Gibson, 2009). According to British cultural theorists, Paddy Whannel and Stuart Hall assert that the pop stars girls admire are tangible idealizations of life of a typical teenager, and not merely remote stars. In addition, the psychoanalytic principle claims that girls are normally characterized by over-investment in objects. The principle reflects or denotes a fear of separation and

Business Organisation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business Organisation - Assignment Example The main aim behind all these changes and sophistications was to create a system under which the business world could grow. The introduction of legalities was another aspect that played a huge role in the development of the business world. The legalities made sure that the business practices are free from any element that can hurt a belief, value, culture, norm, etc. Business can be intuited after a thorough research of the market also keeping in view the personal capability as well. A grocery store can be a good investment especially for the one who is entering the business world. The option of grocery business is selected as the chances of return in the business are high and the complexities of legal procedures and licenses, etc. are not included (Pakroo, 2012). The sole proprietorship nature of the business allows it to be started more conveniently than other forms of business. The procedure might not be easy but it is not complex either. The sole proprietorship business puts all of the responsibility on the shoulder of the owner. The unlimited liability of the owner in the business is rather challenging. Sole proprietorship business can be started without any hassle as it does not involve any formalities that large corporations require. The first responsibility of the owner to start the business is choosing a name for the business. Starting a grocery store will not involve any complexities of partnerships that big corporations require at the start of their operations. In the grocery store the requirement of acquiring a license is not included. License to sell different products may be a requirement in some cases but they can be obtained rather easily. For example to sell liquor a license is needed and it can be obtained much more easily than acquiring a license to start a business involving partners or corporations. The next step in starting a business is the selection of a name.

Reflection paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reflection paper - Assignment Example Besides, written English contains many punctuation errors especially in the use of a full stop, comma and semicolon. With respect to this, I understood that long sentences not only confuse the reader by the wordy content, but it also a challenge in marking the best punctuations. As simple as spoken English seems to be, working with articles was one of my greatest challenges in the written form. Through the support of my instructor and class tutorials, I learnt that the article â€Å"THE† is appropriate in front of a noun familiar to the reader. Whereas, A /AN can only be used by countable nouns. That is to say nouns with justifiable plurals. More interestingly, I pointed out that THE article is applicable in dynamic situations alters sentence fragment to give a different meaning. Consequently, as an ESL student, grammar was my serious challenge, as illustrated by our English instructor ‘no one can perfect his grammar unless through consistent

American Architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American Architecture - Essay Example In 1879, after four years of studies spent under the tutelage of another famous architect of that time John Edelmann, Sullivan was hired as a junior partner by the famous structural engineer Dankmar Adler. Their partnership lasted until the year of 1896 when Sullivan started to experiment with new materials such as steel girders that made possible construction of much taller buildings than before. Sullivan had certain creative differences and disputed intensively about style issues with Daniel Burnham, the author of the Columbian Exposition in Jackson Park in 1893 and with one of his students, Frank Lloyd Wright. Sullivan insisted that 'form should follow function' thus proclaiming the primary importance of the purpose of a building as compared to the design1. Sullivan's legacy is an important element of modern Chicago. The Jewler's Building at 17 S. Ashland Avenue designed and built by Adler and Sullivan in 1882 was designated as one of Chicago landmarks a century later. Together with Adler he also built the Kaufman Store and Flats at 2312-2314 N. Lincoln Avenue designated a city's landmark in 1996. Another famous masterpieces of Sullivan which became Chicago landmarks are the Holy Trinity Russian Orthodox Cathedral and Rectory located at 1121 N. Leavitt Street build by Sullivan alone in 1903, the Auditorium Theater at Roosevelt University, and the Carson, Pirie, Scott Store at the corner of State and Madison. Integrity of structure and ornament, emotional tension of the form, and outstanding individuality of the building are the most noticeable features of Sullivan's style: "Nurtured by the artists sympathy with life, the ornament spoke: it was the voice of the artist and the building -- indeed they were one, the building a 'stock personality' and the architect an interpreter and prophet"2. Today Sullivan is considered perhaps the most influential architect and critic of the Chicago School, the father of the modern skyscraper, and a mentor to another outstanding American architect Frank Lloyd Wright. Frank Lloyd Wright Frank Lloyd Wright (June 8, 1867 - April 9, 1959), one of most innovative and prolific American architects of the last century, was born in Richland Center, Wisconsin. Wright attended but did not finish the high school in Madison, Wisconsin, and in 1885 entered the University of Wisconsin where he studied civil engineering. In 1887 Wright moved to Chicago to go apprentice to a well-known Chicago architect, Joseph Lyman Silsbee. It was during that time that Wright worked with Louis Sullivan whom he would later acknowledge as a mentor. At the end of 1880s Wright got married and moved to Oak Park, Illinois. In 1893, he quit his partnership with Sullivan and established his own firm in Chicago. After five years Wright transferred his practice to Oak Park where he had his most productive and stable days. Sidetracked by romantic misadventures, Wright designed some buildings in Arizona and Wisconsin, but those works were not as good as the works of his Illinois period. Frank Lloyd Wright founded the Prairie School of Architecture characterized by long and horizontal designs and organic architecture that won a wide domestic and international acclaim. Wright's rehash of the famous Sullivan's

Crafted Beer vs Mass Produced Beer Essay Example for Free

Crafted Beer vs Mass Produced Beer Essay According to (http://www. brewersassociation. org/pages/business-tools/craft-brewing-statistics/craft-brewer-defined) a craft brewer is â€Å"small, independent and traditional†. They have to produce less than six million barrels to be considered a craft brewery. Also from a financial point there is a difference to a mass producing beer brewery, an alcoholic industry can only have a maximum of 25% of the brewery. If they own more than this they are considered mass producing brewery because the alcoholic industry is considered to own the craft brewery. Furthermore it has to have â€Å"at least 50% of its volume in either all malt beers or in beers which use adjuncts to enhance rather than lighten flavor† (http://www. brewersassociation. org/pages/business-tools/craft-brewing-statistics/craft-brewer-defined). Although many people think that there is only â€Å"one† beer, most of them never tried crafted beer because they would notice immediately differences in taste compared to mass produced beer. The history of crafted beer and mass produced beer is pretty different, as you can imagine beer exists a long time and the way of producing in industries is not very old. The first crafted beers were made in Egypt over 4,000 years ago. There are no records how the Egypt people came up with the idea, but according to (www. ancientegyptonline. co. uk/beer. html) Osiris an Egyptian god taught the people how the brew beer, it was mostly a female activity and the main ingredient in was â€Å"bread made from a rich yeasty dough possibly including malt†, then it was â€Å"baked and crumbled through a sieve with water† and the last part was adding flavor and letting it stay in order to ferment. On the other hand the first mass produced beer was brewed about 3,800 years later in 1840 in the Czech Republic when the creator Pilsner Urquell decided to use the new technologies brought by the industrialization to make beer available for every person. This started one of the biggest markets nowadays. The way of producing the beers is not really different in the sense of mechanism, because both types of beers using assembly lines in order to produce a large output. Still the factories differ from another in some points; the production of crafted beer is kept â€Å"small† and maintains focus on the quality. These factories are producing a variety of beers and their motto is quality over quantity. The factories of mass produced beer are way bigger compared to the craft breweries and they prefer rather quantity for a greater mass of people than quality. You can’t say that their beer is bad but it doesn’t have the same level as crafted beer. In addition the primary ingredients of the beer are the same: water, malted barley and hops, it is just the normal way to produce beer nowadays. What makes the difference in these two types is the flavor of the beer, while mass produced beer tastes pretty similar if you compare different brands this is definitely not the case with crafted beer. Each craft brewery tries to create its own, unique beer by adding non-traditional beer ingredients. The last difference in the way of producing is that in craft beers are mostly no adjuncts and not all of them are fermented like it is the case with mass produced beer. (http://www. topofthehopsbeerfest.com/biloxi/the-top-ten-reasons-why-you-should-drink-craft-beerbiloxi. php) Why are there so many people attracted to crafted beer? In order to answer this you have to look at the factories which produce the beers because they have a whole different attitude towards their customers. The biggest difference in their attitude shows in their connection to the customers, while mass producing breweries have no connection at all to their customers, the crafted breweries are actually very close to them. Most of them ask their customers for feedback in order to make a better beer and solve their current problems. Furthermore the beer producing factories are not just a little bit different. One of the most famous mass producing beer factory is Anheuser-Busch Inc (Bud Light), which has factories all over America and doesn’t only produce beer, it is also specialized in energy drink, malt beverages and non-alcoholic drinks. The craft breweries on the other hand are only specialized in beers, a famous one is the Harpoon Brewery which is located in Boston. (http://www. cnbc. com/id/39233398/page/2) , (http://www. nomorefreebeer. com/index. php/the-facts/anheuser-beer-list/) There are two main aspects why people prefer crafted beer over mass produced beer, and quality is one of those aspects. The main reason why they differ so much is that the purpose of the factories producing the beer is different.

Business Etiquette and Manners Essay Example for Free

Business Etiquette and Manners Essay Each time one makes contact with ones employees, employers or customers one leaves a certain impression of oneself and the company, service or product one represents and first impressions always do make an impact on achieving business objectives. Therefore it is very important for one to leave the right perception on people by learning how to properly conduct oneself in a business environment. Business etiquette is how one does what one does in the business world. This is true on factory assembly lines, corporate boardrooms, commercial kitchens and grocery stores. When working in an office all day, it is very important to showcase good manners and proper office etiquette. Listed below are some pointers regarding proper behavior: * Treat everyone with respect: If you want to encourage the office behavior of respect, you must start by giving it to others at all times. From the receptionist at the front desk to the CEO of the company and prospective clients, modeling respectful attitudes toward all people is the first step in fostering work professionalism. Respect must also be given to individuals who come into contact with you that are not part of the company, including delivery persons, office equipment repair persons, property managers and especially customers. Be kind and courteous to everyone. * Addressing individuals by their honorific or title: Due to informality in the workplace today, a lot of business is lost, and goodwill destroyed, because of total disregard for properly addressing clients. The proper way to address clients is to greet them using their honorific or title followed by their last name; women should be referred to as ‘Ms. ’ Regardless of their marital status. Refer to individuals frequently by their names: Take the time and make the effort to pay attention to the name of the person you are being introduced to. A persons name means everything to them. To build rapport with a client, mention their name several times during the conversation, it helps in making a connection with the client and reaching out to them on a personal level. * Introduce people with confidence: Most people hate making introductions, because they do not know how to properly make them. Introducing people with confidence is a great way to impress your customers. In business, introductions are determined by precedence. The person who holds the position of highest authority in an organization takes precedence over others who work there. For example, you introduce your companys president to a colleague. * Be on time: Punctuality is one of the key criterion’s of judging your potency as a worker. Ensure that you reach your office and corporate events you might be invited to punctually. If at all practicable try reaching ten minutes early. This may give you an opportunity to relax and unwind before you commence with your work. If you are a guest, understand that the organizer has been selective with the invitation list. Many invitations will include a brief agenda that highlights when guests may arrive for the event, typically providing a window of 15 to 30 minutes for registration and welcome reception times. * Wear proper office attire: Watch your garments. While this holds true for any one, it holds even more importance for ladies. Your office is meant to be a place for work and not some fancy dress competition. At work, you should be dressed in a straightforward yet smart fashion. Formal suits and dresses should be worn in neutral colors so that they reflect your professionalism. Make contact: There are few physical contacts that are appropriate in business; the most important and acceptable is your handshake. Your handshake is a non-verbal clue that indicates to the other person whether or not you are a take charge person. For example, a firm and strong handshake suggests that you are decisive, in control. Greet everyone with a firm, sincere handshake, a friendly smile and direct eye contact. However, when approaching a group of individuals, it’s important to note that you should always shake the hand of the highest ranking officer first. Maintain a healthy office environment: Keep the space professional and neat with appropriate personal touches! People will see the space and consider it a reflection of you. Whether it is a cubicle or office, respect others space. Dont just walk in; knock or make your presence gently known. Dont assume acknowledgement of your presence is an invitation to sit down; wait until you are invited to do so. Dont interrupt people on the phone, and dont try to communicate with them verbally or with sign language. You could damage an important phone call. Limit personal calls, especially if you work in a space that lacks a door. Learn when and where it is appropriate to use your cell phone in your office. Food consumption should generally be regulated. Smells and noise from food can be distracting to others trying to work. * While dealing with customers: Name-tumblers when we introduce ourselves or other people has become a major problem; especially on the telephone. We need to slow down and pronounce our names slowly, clearly and distinctly. At first it may feel as if you are exaggerating your name, but you are really helping the other person and improving overall communication. When dealing with angry customers, it is important to restrain your anger, remain calm, listen to them and assure them that you will solve their problems. Especially over the telephone while handling complains, speak softly. That will soothe the speaker and show him or her that you’re interested in handling the complaint in a calm, rational way. Learning the rules of business etiquette is not very hard and it is not costly as many companies offer formal training on business etiquette, including communications, attire, networking, international business etiquette and new hire etiquette training. People truly desire to do business with those that make them comfortable and know how to best handle themselves in a variety of situations. Learning to incorporate good business etiquette into the workplace will pay dividends both in employee morale and on your company’s bottom line. Customer loyalty also improves when good business etiquette is in full force as it is reflected in the atmosphere of your office or shop.