Health Promotion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Health Promotion - Research Paper ExampleWhat ar the impacts of the changes on families across the nation? What can be done differently? What does the future hold? All these questions atomic number 18 very important given the concomitant that populations are aging, there is an increase in health care costs, medicines are increasingly becoming costly and the population lacking health coverage are on the rise too.There are several key factors that influence peoples approach to health care delivery. These include cultural value and beliefs, situational and economic factors. Economic realities have the greatest influence on the design of the health care delivery systems (Palley, 1995). The coupled States health use of goods and servicess with reference to the Health attending Financing Administration (1998) were as illustrated in the table belowIn a review of the data, Weiss and Lonnquist (2000) came to a conclusion that the United States has the most expensive and demanding healt h care system as compared to other countries in the world. In comparison to other sectors of the economy, there has been a more rapid growth. Viewed from another angle, an examination of the expenditure on national health care in relation to gross domestic product reveals a rapid increase in expenditure. For the past forty years, Americans have record a steady increase in cost in excess of the other sectors of the economy (Braden, Lazenby and Levit, 1998). From 1960 to 1990, the health care took a bigger share of the GDP up from five percent to fourteen percent. Some of the factors that have fueled this increase includeObamaCare was signed into law on the 23rd day of adjoin 2010 by President Barack Obama. In combination with the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act amendment, they represent the most remarkable regulatory sanitation of the United States health care system in the history of the country since the Medicaid and Medicare passage in 1965. The Affordable Care Act w as enacted to increase the affordability and quality of health

M1A2-Program Evaluation Method Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

M1A2-Program Evaluation Method - Essay ExampleThe impacts of this program evaluation are sooner diverse. They include the putting into riding habit several means and mechanisms to be used in evaluation, accepted codes of conduct and also escalating engagement of the various persons in the evaluation process. Technological advancements are kind of significant and are employed in the various military forces (Joseph 2010).The image above shows how program evaluation has been used in fostering security. It is important to bring out that there have been lots of improvements associated with the program. This is in reference to the advancements in the levels of technology. Evaluation is quite important to in many perspectives. This kind of development is therefore quite beneficial in boosting the security status. One of the reasons that make it important is that it helps in making the society better and also aids in the growth of the organizational set up and knowledge. Evaluation is c onsequently in the political view for the managers and other affluent in the society in making various decisions that sour their political function. It is important to note that for proper running of the programs, there must be wise decisions that are made by the policy formulators and the various persons developing programs (Donna

Whole Foods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Whole Foods - Essay ExampleHowever, evidence reveals that effective and cognitive components usually do not always married person the behavior of a person.Instrumental determine are usually permanent in nature and they are mainly comprised of individual character traits. Terminal value are some of the functions that can be worked towards so as to satisfy a thing. The things that Mackey said about wild oats are part of his subservient values however, the act of him wanting to acquire the company was in an attempt to satisfy his terminal values. The reaction by FTC and SEC were based in Mackeys instrumental values.From my personal perspective, John Mackey did not act ethically. According to professional ethics, the attitude of a person should not be publicized in a modality that is like to change the perception of people towards a company. The comments by Mackey may have influenced the attitude of many people towards wild oats and that is not an ethical thing to do.John Mackey is o perating at the conventional morality level. This is because he is analyseing to develop interpersonal relationships that are good by defending his comments and he is besides trying to maintain a social order so as to justify his words and his alleged intentions for his comments (DiBella, & Nevis, 1998).The attitude that is provided in regard to Mackey is that of hate and that makes him to try to protect his comments towards wild oats. The values that are portrayed concerning Mackey are those of one trying to maintain a social status. That is because he is trying to be inadequate wild oats so that his company can appear to be more superior and that is not an ethical behavior in the business world.As a responsible leader who is ethical, Mackeys behavior should fit in the 3rd level of moral development which is the post conventional morality level. This is true because he has to attempt to protect rights of individuals, and to settle disputes in a manner that

The Principle of Double Effect Essay Example for Free

The Principle of Double tack together EssayThe Principle of Double Effect (PDE) states that it is virtuously permissible to perform an performance that has two effects, one respectable and the other bad (Harris, 71) if certain stipulations are met. A person would need to make use of the Principle of Double Effect in any situation in which there is what would as well be called a moral quandary.A situation in which an action must be performed to achieve a good, but as a result of achieving that good, a bad is also achieved, would be cause to make use of the PDE. The PDE is basically a morality barometeryes, this effect is bad, but how bad is it really when taking this good into consideration. The PDE strives to determine whether an action full of gray moral area is ultimately morally permissible, and it does so by judging the action through a number of set criteria.These criteria are, in brief, as follows (1) The act in itself is morally permissible (2) The good effect from the act cannot be achieved without the bad effect occurring as well (3) The bad effect is merely a side effect, and not the means through which the good effect is achieved (4) The good and bad effects are both equally balanced in importance (Harris, 71). In order for the action to be considered morally permissible, all four criteria must be fully met. Take, for example, the story of Mary and her ectopic pregnancy.Mary and her husband are practicing Catholics, and as such they receive very strong beliefs against abortion and do not want to do anything that would go against the church. However, regardless of the course of word chosen, Marys baby is lost, so this element should automatically be discounted as a determining factor. This in itself is a gray area. The four choices of treatment that Mary is given all keep back their own set of riskssome have higher risks to her, the mother others have risks to the future of Marys and her husbands efforts to have another barbarian all u ltimately mean the termination of her pregnancy.Marys options include bideing for the egg to pass naturally, which poses a high risk to her the more measure passes taking a drug to thin the egg and force it to pass on its own one surgery with a risk of making conceiving ambitious in the future as well as the common surgical risks to Mary, and another surgery with less risk of complications in the future but also with the common risks of surgery. Because the pregnancy is lost regardless, I would advise Mary on deciding on a course of treatment as quickly as possible, because it is morally right to save oneself.She has already agreed to get treatment, given that the treatment doesnt violate the Churchs teachings and that she can still concede children in the future. Because of the different levels of risks involved with each procedure, I would recommend the drug therapy. Both surgeries are risky due to the fact that they are surgeries, and the one is however riskier because it ca n lead to complications in Mary getting pregnant later.The option to let it pass naturally is probably more in line with the Churchs teachings, but it puts Mary at too great a risk and the pregnancy cant be saved anyway. I would be loathe to think that any Church would encourage waiting it out so as not to be actually physically performing an abortion, when it is a given that the embryo provide die regardless. Unfortunately, taking the drug treatment does not fully satisfy the criteria of the PDE first, the act itself of a woman taking a drug to save her life is morally permissible.However, it is not necessary that she receive this treatment (or any other, for that matter) in order to survive. She can still survive without treatment its just that the risks of her not surviving (or causing damage to her fallopian tube) is greaternote, NOT imminent. Second, there is no way for the good effect (saving Marys life) can be achieved without the bad effect (the embryo being killed)especial ly when considering that the embryo is dead regardless.This bad effect is unavoidable because if she waits to pass the embryo on her own, she could die too. Third, and this is where the treatment fails to satisfy the PDF criteria, the bad effect is the means of achieving the good effect. The abortion, for what its worth, is the only way to guarantee Marys life give be savedand that goes for the drug treatment as well as both surgical options. The fourth criteria is, however, satisfied because the death of the embryoagain, especially considering it will die regardlessbalances saving Marys life.Based on the third criteria of the PDE, the only morally permissible way to treat this problem is to wait for the embryo to pass through the fallopian tube naturally, putting Mary at the greatest risk. All other options, despite how ridiculous it might be to even out be referring to this as an abortion, especially considering the embryo will die regardless, require that the abortion, for what it is, must be performed in order to reduce the risk to Marys life. Therefore, no treatment is morally permissible and Mary has to take her chances.

The Horse Business Essay Example for Free

The Horse Business EssayIntroductionThe Horse Industry is unique. Throughout the world, people intention clams for consumption as well up as for non-consumption purposes. Horses be bred either for the purposes of horseracing an internation entirely(a)y popular sport, or for purposes of consumption particularly in countries where horsemeat is considered a delicacy. Breeders rear thoroughbred horses specific entirelyy for racing purposes.A horse is a very viable and valuable commodity, so much so that commercial insurance policies customarily offer protection for owners of richly caliber racehorses against theft, injuries and other diseases. The controlment of the United States and several European countries maintain strong controls on horse reproduction. in that respect ar governmental limitations on the work of dummy insemination and sometimes owners acquire to register their horses.Evidently, this constancy is unique and reaches across the mystical as well as the public sector. Racing is an entertaining and interesting vexation (Chenault, 1994). Those multiform in the horseracing diligence be always keen on change magnitude their horses abilities so that they whitethorn attract a broader consumer low and consequently increase their returns from horseracing. These owners therefore explore numerous and varied opportunities to profit from their racehorses including investigating other racing choices much(prenominal) as simulcast races, which involve off-track wagering. killhouses slaughter, for consumption, horses which obligate outlived their usefulness, and be in poor health condition. Customers who use horsemeat in their diet purchase the slaughtered meat in large quantities (House of Commons Hansard, 2002).The main objective of this opus is to highlight those strategies and techniques of line of reasoning that can contri unlesse to improvements in the horse manufacturing for the firms in either the public or private sector who are involved with the racehorses or slaughter of horses. This search leave alone seek to discover ways that this industry can become more efficient as well as examine the existing or needed policies that could contri alonee to the necessary improvements.Problem StatementHorseracing and the slaughtering of horses are two refer industry areas involving the use of horses and both private and public sector corporations have some amount of share in either industry area. As with any other animal group it is no surprise that there is a continuing debate on the valuate orientations of both horseracing and horse slaughtering for consumption. These twin industry areas have been the targets of concerns raised on the ethic of slaughtering horses, particularly those that would have previously been used in the horseracing industry but which are no longer of further use to their owners for a variety of reasons. These horses may be diseased, injured or ill and have little prospect for fu ture recovery. To ensure that they do not suffer a complete loss, owners of racehorses plow these unwanted horses to slaughterers.Some people are resumely against the slaughtering of horses. In America and European countries, horsemeat is comparable to the meat of other large animals such as the buffalo, goat, sheep, pig and others. Since people throughout the United States and Europe desire to have horsemeat as a part of their diet then naturally, the slaughter industry too has its own place. Thus, while persons object to the slaughtering of horses, there are those who have little or no objection to the consumption of horsemeat.Similarly, there are objections to the use of horses for racing because of the reported cruel treatment of these animals and their injection with dangerous substances and steroids to enhance performance. This is a very sore issue in the horse industry. Even sorer is the slaughtering of these horses when they are no longer profitable in the horseracing indu stry. This debate is challenging the viability of the equine industry, putting industry shareholders in an uncomfortable position.Both the racehorse and the slaughtering industries are producing at their full capacities in the US and the rest of the world. Like any other line of descent these industries whether private or public need to view sound championship management strategies through appropriate training so as to be good in business and to provide the best service to buyers and consumers. The care and the rightfield use of horses is also the matter of concern. The primary use of horses is for racing. However, one cannot avoid the fact that the slaughterhouse, rather than the racecourse, becomes the home for horses unfit for racing. Every year, the number of unfit horses increases thus the number of slaughterhouses also increases. Slaughter industries in the public and private sectors purchase the unwanted horses.Traditionally, the hunter-jumper market has acquired most for mer racehorses that have no signs of muscular-skeletal abnormalities, and some use previous standard-bred racehorses for driving carriages. Horses that obtain career-ending injuries are not useful anymore for the owners and fall into the category of unwanted horses. Figures produced by the U.S. department of factory farm reveal, however, that the majority of horses slaughtered (92.3%) are quite healthy and not, in fact, neglected. An overwhelming majority of Americans and members of Congress oppose slaughtering horses for human consumption (HSUS, 2007).One of the options in dealing with these unwanted horses is for slaughtering and distribution for consumption. The comminuted number of horses that make up this category of unwanted is unknown. However, some research reveals that 50,000 horses fall to slaughterhouses each year in the USA. The real number of unwanted horses is much higher than that reported. Horses used on farms are costly to owners, specifically maintenance costs fo r provender, wastage disposal and land use. The slaughter industry appears to be the most irresistible option in dealing with these horses.Purpose StatementThe basic aims of the study are to suggest methods of enhancing business productivity for persons involved in slaughtering or horseracing at heart the public and private sectors and to identify better ways of setting goals and objectives for their racehorses. Additionally this paper will attempt to identify and recommend alternative uses for unwanted horses alike slaughtering. The research will be dealing with both facts and numbers from the available resource material as well as opinions and comments from surveys. Therefore, this paper will adopt a mixed research method using both quantitative and qualitative techniques.American horse council estimates that almost 10% of all the horses die every year due to illness, injury, lack of proper environment and food provisions. There is a need for proper treatment and laws from the government to support the cause of increasing horse reproduction. California passed a law in 1998 protecting against horse theft and this has been effective in reducing such theft. Additionally regulations need to govern management aspects of the horse industry. Often the lack of proper means of transporting horses for slaughtering has contributed to the unnecessary death of horses.The usual means of transporting horses are more suited for shorter and smaller animals such as cows, pigs and cattle. These transported force horses, which have a longer neck and body, into these cramped positions often causing injury. Those involved in the transportation of horses and are unable to pass the proper form of transportation have very little alternative and thus horses continue to suffer and their numbers decrease. The Government could provide subsidies to such persons workings on small-scale to fulfill their needs.Forces of demand drive the market. Consumers world over with affirmative at titudes and who demand that meat products are nourishing, tasty and of the best quality, and reasonably priced relational to income, availability, quality and relevance to life-style remain the leading driving forces in the market. However if discussions on meat production in developed countries raises speculation this could negatively affect demand negatively. In this regard, government has to seriously consider and reconsider their policies towards this industry.Undoubtedly, the meat industry not necessarily need information awareness programs but need to modify practices in order to satisfy fully customer needs. In fact, technologists and scientists can contribute positively to this industry by developing newer strategies that are more efficient. These strategies include applying practices that result in less environmental damage, depend less on stimulants and additives, and that consider sensitive exploitation of the new genetics and with more consideration for the animals invo lved.Research QuestionsThe following questions will guide the researchWhat are some guidelines for success in the horse industry?What are some key principles of the horse industry?What business ethics govern the horse industry?What alternative exist for racehorses that are no longer useful for racing?The research will also attempt to find out what are some of the business ethics, social stewardship, business leadership/management and stakeholder values for the Racehorse Industry, the Slaughter Industry and the Private sector?Proper ethics should govern and guide the operations of the private sector, the racehorse industry and the slaughter industry in their business management strategies in order to ensure effective leadership and social stewardship. A prospective entrepreneur in the racehorse industry should consider all necessary information to determine the size of the market and the possible share of his prospective business within the market. There should be some insurance exc ogitate for such businesses. The major point in focus for any business holder around the globe is to maintain profit. The ways to success are enigmatical and indefinite. The NFIB estimates that over the lifetime of a business, 39% are profitable, 30% break even, and 30% lose money (Blue Ribbon Consulting, 2006).Core LiteratureThe racehorse industry has been demonstrating positive levels of success and has had a considerable impact on the market overall. A 2003 summary report provided by the Louisiana State University summarized the successes and contributions of the horse industry as followThe race horse industry is composed of 1,178 breeders who own 10,161 mares that produced 5,971 foals that were sold in 2003 for $35.8 million. These breeders own 1,977 stallions that were bred to 5,313 mares, generating income from stud fees of $13.3 million.The total income generated from racehorse production was $49.1 million. An supererogatory 2,229 racehorse owners owned 10,903 racehorses in training or on the track at a value of $109 million. The impact of racehorse owners and breeders activities in 2003 was $158.1 million.The show and disceptation horse industry (horse shows, barrel racing, cutting, roping, team penning, etc.) is composed of 2,600 breeders who own 7,847 mares that produced 4,901 foals that were sold for $14.7 million. These breeders own 718 stallions that bred 8,351 mares, generating $12.5 million in income from stud fees. The total income generated from show and competition horse production was $27.2 million. Another 4,634 owners compete on their 14,901 horses valued at $59.6 million. The total impact of the show and competition horse industry is $86.8 million.A large parcel of the horse industry is recreational. The horse is used for comfort, exercise and enjoyment. About 20% or 8,570 of the recreational horse owners bred 21,554 mares and sold 11,392 foals in 2003 for $17.1 million. These horsemen own 933 stallions that were bred to 5,924 mares, generating income from stud fees of $592,400. The total income from production in the recreational horse industry was $17.6 million in 2003. Another 25,453 recreational horse owners have 61,366 horses valued at $61 million.There are 129,022 registered horses in Louisiana, owned by 45,331 horsemen. These horses are valued at $324 million. An additional 70,000 grade and other equines are owned by 25,000 people who have a $210 million impact on the economy.In addition to the value of horses produced and maintained in Louisiana, the activities of the horse industry generate a tremendous property flow. The four racetracks employ 3,000 people and generate expenditures of about $1 billion per year. The show and competition industry conducts an estimated 500 activities per year and generates $12.5 million in expenditures. With the value of horses, expenditures on horses and the activities in which they engage, the impact of the horse industry is estimated at $1.6 billion per year. (LSU, 20 03).Apparently, the industry is heading in a positive direction. However, there needs to be better regulation of the industry, particularly in the development of appropriate business ethics to govern those involved in the industry. Sensible business ethics are one of the keys to organizational success. As a corporate strategy businesses involved with horses should lobby for effective legislation to protect the consumer, the business owner and the horse. In the U.K., for example, all horses are required to possess a passport according to a legislation that came into effect on 31 December 2003. Other European countries have similar requirements.Even though horse owners previously registered horses this was on a voluntary basis for horses born after 1 January 1998. The new requirement ensures that all horses, particularly those specifically reared for the purposes of slaughtering and consumption, have a passport containing a history of veterinary medicines so that certain medicines do not pass along the food chain to humans. This requirement is also a more effective way of controlling over breeding in certain areas (Defra, 2002). Policies such as these are useful guidelines for conducting business so that managers adopt correct strategies in all aspects of the industry.Organizations must provide these business ethics and rights to employees (as well as to the livestock of the agriculture or farm industry) to safeguard their needs, to maintain friendly working environment, and to provide boost to a certain industry. Managers cannot anticipate that there will not be challenges in implementing certain principles that will contribute to eventual organizational success.Jonash (2005) warns that business owners need to be willing to face the challenges that go along with difficult business decisions and strategies. He holds that achieving short, medium and long-term success is not easy. He suggests that managers accept the reality that there are no quick fixes to organi zational problems and thus should be willing to follow through with tested and proven strategies even if the implementation process seems difficult.The above-mentioned statistics show clearly that this system is working very well in the US and can even improve if the overall racehorse industry follows proper policies and procedures.Research Activities/MethodsThe research activities of the paper under study are mainly through the books and Internet and other credible journals. These research materials are primary sources of information as they are already from the credibly written learned articles and journals. However, the point of view is solely from the writers perspective.Operational DefinitionsLivestock farm animalsSlaughter using an animal for food.Equine Of or like a horse (adjective)Simulcast Races Races broadcast across the world and seen in casinos.Assumptions and limitationsThis paper assumes that the horse industry can benefit from promotions and other ad campaigns. The scenarios, the examples and data are the tools that will make this study a success. This study is limited to the racehorse and slaughter horse industries, the business leadership skills and the methodology of the management and leadership. The horse industry has galore(postnominal) problems like the transportation, accommodation, handling the lack of subsidies granted and others, but these are just a few. There are many more topics and issues surrounding this industry but those are beyond the scope of this paper.ReferencesBlue Ribbon Consulting. (2006). Horse Consulting. Retrieved Sep 22, 2007 from, http//www.horseconsulting.com/services.htm.Chenault, E. A., (1994, Oct 28). Race horse industry analysis featured in Jan. 14 Meeting. Retrieved solemn 1, 2007, from, http//agnews.tamu.edu/stories/AGEC/horsrace.htmlDEFRA (Department for environment, food and rural affairs). (2002, Feb 14). Horse Passports and Database. News Release. Retrieved marvelous 15, 2007 from, http//www.lipizzan er.org.uk/defra.htm.House of Commons Hansard. (2002). Written Answers. Retrieved August 21, 2007 from http//www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200102/cmhansrd/vo020214/text/20214w39.htm.Humane Society of the United States, The (HSUS) wolf Net. (2007, Mar 17). HSUS responds to rumor of horse abandonment in KY Calls it an act of desperation from the foreign-owned horse slaughter industry. Retrieved August 1, 2007, from http//archives.foodsafety.ksu.edu/animalnet/2007/3-2007/annet_march_20.htmJonash, R. S. (2005). Driving sustainable growth and innovation Pathways to high performance leadership. Handbook of Business Strategy, 6(1), 197-202.Louisiana State University. (2003). Agriculture and natural resources summary Horses. Retrieved August 15, 2007 from, http//www2.lsuagcenter.com/AgSum2003/narrative.aspx.Virginia horse industry board news and event calendar. (2007-2008). Retrieved August 1, 2007 from, http//www.vhib.org/virginia-horse-industry-board-news.html.

Business Research Methods Essay Example for Free

Business Research Methods EssayAs baby boomers age and the choose for health c ar continues to grow, the nursing shortage in health care facilities seem to increase, as well. Many believe that a shortage of registered controls is projected to spread across the country between 2009 and 2030 (AJMQ, 2012). Dr. Peter Buerhaus wrote in Health Affairs that the United States nursing shortage is projected to grow to 260,000 registered nurses by 2025 (2009). Researchers must develop a solid research question, construct a research anatomy, and identify a sample design to collect data. Organizational Dilemma Research Question disturbance problems like those experienced by the hospitals that participated in the HSM research lead to multiple research questions, such as (i) what are the reasons for high RN overturn judge that lead to job vacancies and (ii) how can the organization resolve turnover problems. In the organizational context, the dilemma here is why are there high RN turnov er rates that lead to job vacancies?Identify and Analyze Research Question The research question identified is Why is there high turnover rate for acute care nurses? The problem defined by the team is the inability to retain acute care nurses. A nurture performed by the American Organization of Nurse Executives states that there was an average of 21.3% turnover rate for RNs in 2000, but percentage rates were higher for RNs in specialty hospitals (2001).The practices and policies of an organization allow employees to remain within the organization for an extended period. thither is a significant financial loss to the facility if the nurse leaves the organization after training is completeResearch Design Learning Team C will adopt a formal research design to answer the research question. We will use monitoring as opposed to communication in most circumstances unless otherwise specified. The research will be ex post facto or experimental. The research will be cross sectional because o f time constraints. The study will be a statistical study of proportions. A case study could be used, if time allows. We will treat this study as a lab assignment although simulations and field work is a possibility. If communication is used care should be taken to optimize participant awareness (Cooper Schindler, 2008, p. 141-145).Some questions to take into consideration would be what the reasons for high turn-over rates are for nurses. Does education caper a part? Do work conditions come into consideration? Does pay and benefits play a part? Do personal matters play a role in turnover?The study probably will be descriptive or causal although exploratory work may need some consideration. Sample Design In an effort to obtain the data for our research it is important to sample from group that will best represent our population. There are four basic questions that need to be answered in sample design. The first is the subject of our research, or target population. The next question is the parameters of our interest, which is high turn-over rate. The 3rd question is the sampling frame.Because the subjects of our study are acute nurses, we should use the membership directory from the American Nurses Association. With the availability of the directory probability sampling is the best sampling method, which addresses the fourth question. The sustain question is the size of the sample and according to Cooper Schindler (2008), the greater the desired precision of the estimate, the larger the sample must be, and the higher the confidence level in the estimate, the large sample must be (p. 385).Conclusion Going forward this research will strive to come to conclusions to answers to the key question and based on the answers derived. These answers will create solutions that will help alleviate the anticipated nursing shortage in the coming years. The statistical data of this study can be used to understand what is causing the high turnover rates and high job vacancie s.

Complex Love In A Rose For Emily English Literature Essay

Complex Love In A Rose For Emily position Literature EssayThis paper will investigate the complex love relationship surrounded by the southern belladonna Emily Grierson and the northern street prole mark Barron in William Faulkners A Rose for Emily. In order to analyse this issue, I will divide my research in deuce parts. I will first focus on the feminine protagonist who seems to have a great desire for companionship and love. To verify this idea I will outline the briny features of her life and try to enter in the world of her psyche. Moreover, I will define and interpret possible cases for her natural actions. The second part will stick out on the important male figure of the picayune grade kor Barron. Here, I will focus mainly on his role in this sophisticated love-scenario and on the questions, why he gets murdered and which reasons led Emily to commit such a crime. I will then compare these findings to the title of the short story and concentrate my thoughts on the meaning of the symbol of the rose in A Rose for Emily.2. A Rose for Emily A Portrait of Emily Grierson.An absent-minded Southern belladonna named Emily Grierson represents the protagonist of William Faulkners short story A Rose for Emily. Interpretations about this calibre outhouse lead to numerous directions due to her life which is seen as extremely bizarre and macabre The fille of an dismal and a good standing family has difficulties with growing-up due to her stern father who never accepts one of her suitors. After Mr Grierson passed away, a young street worker from the North, named homing pigeon Barron, appears in the small town of Jefferson, to whom she loses her heart. Suddenly, he vanishes and he never turns up again, while Emily is caught in the act of buying arsenic. Until then, Ms Grierson stays in her kinfolk for good but her black servant leaves sometimes. All of a sudden, Emily dies and as the curious townspeople enter the house at her burial, they come across a bedroom made up as a bridal room where they find a grey strain of hair next to the tracks of a skeleton.schizophrenic disorder as a Scapegoat for her Actions.Although Emilys behaviour is outrageous, she never had a reputation for being insane. The townspeople did not say she was crazy (A Rose for Emily1124), but her actions and her character would lead one to assume that she has gone barking mad. If not, why would someone stay in a house for a lifetime and sleep next to a corpse? A possible explanation for this might be a mental ailment, as e.g. schizophrenia (Smith).Its causes can be easily lead moxie to Emilys childhood As a result of the high values of an aristocratic family, she grew up with ever-lasting expectations that the inhabitants of Jefferson had of a daughter of such an ancestry Miss Emily had been a tradition, a duty, and a care a sort of hereditary obligation upon the town (RfE 119). The citizens demanded the maintenance of those traditions set up by her ancestors b ut already as a child she was not probably able to handle these demanding conditions (Smith).Another culprit for Emilys mental state is definitely Mr Grierson. The family values were of a particular importance for him, all the aforesaid(prenominal) if his daughter would have to suffer her father which had thwarted her womans life so many times (RfE 127). Therefore Emily never had a love relationship with a man because Mr Grierson thinking none of those suitors were good enough for her was always shooing them away. the Griersons held themselves a little too high for what they squarely were. None of the young men were quite an good enough for Miss Emily and such. she got to be thirty and was still single . (RfE 123)2.2 Death of her Father as the Last Straw.After Mr Grierson passed away, the reader is able to guess out an acceleration of Emilys mental decadence (Smith). This process might seem peculiar but it is easy explainable Emily was always burdened with external stress, which her father has to be partly blamed for. Now, much of this pressure disappears suddenly owing to the finish of Mr Grierson and of all his expectations and orders, whereby the previous hidden symptoms surface (Smith). Therefore, Emily is not able any much to cause her true feelings at the burial, i.e. she is not affected by her own fathers exitus and has no trace of grief on her face (RfE 123). Hence, the former Southern belle is leaving more and more reality and enters an imaginary world, as e.g. by saying to the townspeople that her father was not dead (RfE 123) or by totally withdrawing herself from society. Another upright symptom for schizophrenia can be detected in her inability of interacting socially with others and in the subsequent lack of hygiene and of self-awareness on her physical demeanor (Smith)When we next saw Miss Emily, she had grown fat and her hair was turning gray. During the next few years it grew grayer and grayer until it attained an even pepper-and -salt iron-gray, when it ceased turning. Up to the day of her death at seventy-four it was still that vigorous iron-gray, like the hair of an active man. (RfE 127-28)Besides all these examples, the best argument for a supposable mental illness on the part of Emily Grierson establishes her attraction to corpses.2.3 Transcending Death of Emilys Love.The fact that Ms Grierson spends time with a dead human body states Faulkner in the last sentences of his short storyThe man himself lay in the bed. For a long while we just stood there, looking down at the profound and fleshless grin. The body had apparently once lain in the attitude of an embrace, but now the long sleep that outlasts love, that conquers even the grimace of love, had cuckolded him. What was left of him, rotted beneath what was left of the nightshirt, had become inextricable from the bed in which he lay and in the second pillow was the indentation of a head. One of us lifted something from it, and leaning forward, that f aint and invisible dust teetotal and acrid in the nostrils, we saw a long strand of iron-gray hair (RfE 130).This paragraph demonstrates well the height of her mental illness and explains frankly what Emily did in the last years of her life She murdered her suitor Homer Barron and passed the nights next to his cadaver.Such attractions to dead bodies are termed as necrophilia which is a combination of the two Greek words nekros (dead person) and philia (affection). This mental disorder includes sexual intercourse with a corpse which is in fact illegal in Europe. Whether Emily slept with Homers corpse can lonesome(prenominal) be interpreted because it is not mentioned directly (Grabher).3. A Rose for Homer A Portrait of Homer Barron.Homer Barron displays an essential figure in A Rose for Emily because he can be presented as a symbol for hope and for companionship, i.e. Emily Grierson sees in this Northern street worker a ghost of a chance of getting away from all the expectations la id upon her and from solitude. Her whole life has been marked by the feeling of loneliness but through Homer she tries to get out this mould. we were sure that they were to be married. We learned that Miss Emily had been to the jewelers and ordered a mans toilet set in silver, with the letters H. B. on each piece. Two days later we learned that she had bought a complete outfit of mens clothing, including a nightshirt (RfE 127).The townspeoples description of Emilys activities reveals her seriousness about her relationship with her beloved foreman but does not convey the reason for her subsequent tasks.3.1 Revelation of Homers Homosexual Proclivities.A possible reason for the murder of Homer Barron could be seen in Emilys fear of being alone again. Indeed, she falls in love with her follow and insists on marrying him but that differs with Homers intentions. As a labourer from the North, he is just looking for a place to stay during the working weeks and not for a future wife. In ad dition to that, it seems that Homer is not interested in any woman but in men, because he himself had remarked-he liked men, and it was know that he drank with the younger men in the Elks Club-that he was not a marrying man (RfE 126).A closer analysis of his first and last name can be used to strengthen this theory. Homer leads us back to Ancient Greece (8th century BC-146 BC) and to Homeros who wrote Iliad and the Odyssey. Anyway, the Greek society of this time is largely known for its acceptance of homosexuality. Barron could be interpreted in various ways, e.g. as a pun2due to barren which has a similar sound. However, barren displays a tight connection with the character, if we look at its synonyms fruitless, sterile, meagre or infertile. This particular meaning of that term ties in with the inability of a homosexual couple to reproduce and therefore with the figure of Homer Barron (Grabher).Moreover, Faulkner integrates little hints to get to know Homers sexual preferences, as e.g. through the use of colours Homer Barron with his hat cocked and a cigar in his teeth, reins and whip in a yellow glove (RfE 126). The colour yellow could be here a clear reference to the Yellow Book which was the most popular British snip in the 1980s3. It was associated with aestheticism, a 19th century movement which attached more importance to aesthetic values than to moral ones, and indirectly with homosexuality (Roth).3.2 Emilys result to her Discovery.The most interesting issue about this complicate love-scenario between a forlorn Southern lady and a gay Northern industrial worker is how her discovery of Homers truly sexual proclivities affected Emily. After discovering his secret, she tries to adapt her physical appearance to the conceptions of beauty of her beloved she cuts her hair which then looks like the hair of an active man (RfE 128). The motive for doing that can be lead back to the desire of pleasing him in order to keep their relationship alive.This whole a spect reminds me of the Italian painter Michelangelo Merisi (1571-1610), better known as Caravaggio, whose sexual identity was also surrounded by numerous rumours, e.g. it is said that he went for male androgynous younglings. umpteen of his paintings show such infantile boys, like e.g. Bacchus (1595) or Amor Vincit Omnia (1602). Even more striking is that women were unusual objects in his canvases and if he depicted them, they mostly have a short, boyish hairstyle, as Faulkners Emily and as the angel in Caravaggios Rest on the Flight into Egypt (1597) have (Harten 30-34).Fig. 1. Caravaggio, Rest on the Flight into Egypt, Galleria Doria Pamphili, Rome rpt. in Andrew Graham-Dixon, Caravaggio A Life Sacred and Profane (London Allen Lane, 2010 print 162).3.3 Homer as a Rose for Emily.Emily realises soon that Homer and she do not have the same feelings for each other and that he will not be in her town for a long time anymore. Therefore, she takes to more extreme measures she buys arsen ic in order to kill Homer.I want some poison she said to the apothecary. Yes, Miss Emily. What kind? I want the best you have. I dont care what kind. The druggist named several. Theyll kill anything up to an elephant. (RfE 125)The reason for the murder lies clearly in her great desire of avoiding a probable recurring solitude and of keeping Homer as close as possible. This leads directly to a possible interpretation concerning the title of the short story which can be irritating due to the absence of the two-baser of a rose in Faulkners work. Although the flower is not stated at all, the term rose arises four times bearing two different meanings. On the one hand the author uses this word as the past form of the verb rise and on the other hand as the colour roseA thin, acrid pall as of the tomb seemed to lie everywhere upon this room decked and furnished as for a bridal upon the valance curtains of faded rose colour, upon the rose-shaded lights, upon the book binding table, . (R fE 129-30)That is why it is not evident who or what symbolises the rose in the title. A plausible conclusion could be that Homer personalises the rose because Emily does not endure permit him go, not even after his decease. On the contrary, she uses death to be even closer to her beloved street worker. Her greatest wish of keeping Homers body resembles to the action of bending a rose and pressing it then between some pages of a book in order to keep its beauty forever (VCCS Litonline).4. oddmentThe leading idea of this paper has been to analyse the complex love relationship between Emily Grierson and Homer Barron in William Faulkners A Rose for Emily. As we have seen, the female protagonist of this short story had a difficult life due to a probable mental health illness developed from her personal problems with her aristocratic background and the expectations laid upon her. Her only wish was to find companionship and love which she thought having found in the figure of Homer Barro n. After having discovered his real sexual orientation, she was gutted and did not want to accept that she has to let him go too. Thusly, she murdered him in order to keep him for good a pressed rose between some pages of a book.